thalassemia minor and covid immunity

The changing epidemiology of the ageing thalassaemia populations: a position statement of the Thalassaemia International Federation. EHA and TIF explore how COVID-19 is affecting thalassemia and SCD patients. People with beta thalassemia may be at a higher risk of developing severe disease or death, but studies are . Dr. DelCollo is board-certified in family medicine by the American Board of Family Medicine. Vitamin and mineral supplementation for -thalassemia during COVID-19 pandemic. Indian Pediatr. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0213. Delaporta P, et al. If you do, theyll be mild. Impaired immune cell . According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), people with thalassemia may be at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19. If you have minor or no symptoms, your provider may suspect thalassemia based on the results of a routine blood test. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends COVID-19 vaccines for everybody over 6 months of age in the United States. Beta thalassemia. Symptoms can range from none at all to severe anemia that requires frequent blood transfusions. What are the symptoms of beta thalassemia? Biochemistry, hemoglobin synthesis. 2021.doi:10.1016/j.htct.2021.04.003, Dalamaga M, Karampela I, Mantzoros CS. Blood types are split up into four major groups, all dependent on the presence or absence of two specific antigens on the surface of the blood: A and B, according to the American Red Cross. Patients with beta-thalassaemia increase the risk of bacterial infections, particularly Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp), the causative agent of melioidosis in Thailand. Regardless of if a specific blood type is associated with a greater risk of contracting COVID-19 and developing severe disease, keep in mind that many other factors, such as age or existing health conditions, are likely to play a larger, dominant role in determining personal risk from COVID-19. Thalassaemia International Federation . 2020;95(8):E198-E199. Acta Biomed. Severe thalassemia used to be fatal by early adulthood, but now people frequently live into their 60s or beyond. One study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) in April of 2021, reviewed nearly 108,000 COVID-19 cases. The Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines use mRNA technology. There are two types of thalassemia, alpha and beta. Pregnancy outcomes among women affected with thalassemia traits. This can make them very anaemic (tired, short of breath and pale). Last medically reviewed on August 23, 2022. 2020;6(9):FSO628. (2022). There are a number of factors that might increase the chances of a person with thalassemia being exposed to SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. Some of these include: Secondary infections (bacterial infections that develop in people with a viral infection such as COVID-19) may be more common in people with thalassemia, especially those who have had their spleen removed. If the mutation affects three of your genes, you have a more severe case of alpha-thalassemia. Although epidemiologic evidence concerning the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection in these patients is currently lacking, the COVID-19 pandemic represents a significant challenge for haemoglobinopathy patients, their families and their attending physicians. In a webinar designed to guide physicians in the care of hematology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, three world experts on thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD) provided on-the-ground information from physicians who were . "There is no real benefit for the individual person," said Torben Barington, DMSc, a clinical professor of immunology at the University of Southern Denmark and co-author of the early Danish study. Can SARS-CoV-2 be transmitted via blood transfusions? 1 Platt L, Warwick R. Are some ethnic groups The first study, conducted by . 2019;133(12):1279-1289.doi:10.1182/blood-2018-10-879247, Yasara N, Premawardhena A, Mettananda S. A comprehensive review of hydroxyurea for -haemoglobinopathies: the role revisited during COVID-19 pandemic. People with thalassemia often experience similar COVID-19 complications as those without thalassemia, but they may be at greater risk for certain problems. Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that affects your body's ability to produce hemoglobin and healthy red blood cells. Does Anemia Cause Weight Loss or Weight Gain? If youre a silent carrier or have thalassemia minor, youre unlikely to need typical thalassemia treatments, like blood transfusions or iron therapy. April 20, 2020. Heavy alcohol drinking is known to further aggravate anemia. It causes your body to produce a lower-than-normal amount of hemoglobin, the part of your red blood cells that carries oxygen. Am J Hematol. 2020 Sep 25;15(1):265. doi: 10.1186/s13023-020-01543-0. Experts say that, There are many different types of anemia. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Thalassemia results from an affected gene that causes the problem with hemoglobin. Newborn screening practices and alpha-thalassemia detection United States, 2016. Thalassemia is an inherited (i.e., passed from parents to children through genes) blood disorder caused when the body doesn't make enough of a protein called hemoglobin, an important part of red blood cells. Beta-thalassemia occurs when your body has trouble producing hemoglobin beta. 2020;108:154260.doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154260, Leblanc JF, Germain M, Delage G, et al. (2021). It could be that antigens for people with type O blood block the spike protein in SARS-CoV-2, and keeps it from entering into your cells, said Dr. Russo. 2021;27:e929207. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), COVID-19 vaccination for people with beta-thalassemia or beta-thalassemia trait, rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/alpha-thalassemia/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703506/, rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/thalassemia-major/, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ijlh.12527, hematology.org/covid-19/covid-19-and-thalassemia, thalassemia.org/i-have-a-thalassemia-trait/, journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0969141314548203, stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-022-02768-5, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7326097/, gimjournal.org/article/S1098-3600(21)02253-X/fulltext, cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html, nhlbi.nih.gov/health/thalassemia/pregnancy, link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00404-022-06519-y, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8955557/, thalassemia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/WhatIsThalTrait_sm.pdf, Everything You Need to Know About Thalassemia. There are very few medications that are contraindicated (should not be used) in people who may be exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or who have developed a COVID-19 infection. In a 2022 study, researchers found lower rates of vaccine-related side effects among 186 people with thalassemia major than in vaccine clinical trials. Mark S. Lesney. Thalassemia: Complications & treatment. FOIA In this study, the most common side effects in people with thalassemia were: Researchers are still examining how COVID-19 affects people with beta thalassemia. (2020). Commentary: Could iron chelators prove to be useful as an adjunct to COVID-19 Treatment Regimens? But some silent carriers of alpha-thalassemia may need a DNA test to know for sure. Guidelines for the Management of NonTransfusion Dependent Thalassaemias, 2nd ed. De Sanctis V, Canatan D, Corrons JLV, et al. At this time, scientists are just beginning to learn how a diagnosis of thalassemia may affect the risk of COVID-19, potential complications, and how the pandemic may affect treatment, but preliminary research has revealed some trends. What Blood Tests Can Help Diagnose Sjgrens Syndrome? They result in low hemoglobin production and destruction of red blood cells. Researchers found inconsistent findings but did identify certain trends suggesting that blood type A might predispose one to increased susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19), or that type O and Rh-negative blood groups might be protective. Thalassaemia is the name for a group of inherited conditions that affect a substance in the blood called haemoglobin. A comprehensive update of ICET-A Network on COVID-19 in thalassemias: what we know and where we stand. Alpha thalassemia. doi:10.23750/abm.v91i3.10155, De Sanctis VD, Canatan D, Corrons JLV, et al. Globally, the prevalence of COVID-19 in people with beta-thalassemia specifically appears to be lower than the general population. When one of these two genes are missing, it can lead to beta thalassemia trait, or beta thalassemia minor. People with thalassemia minor or trait usually do not need blood transfusions because they either do not have anemia or have only a mild anemia. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. But because reinfection is possible and COVID-19 can cause severe medical complications, it's recommended that people who . Current recommendations are that a person's usual regimen of transfusions should be continued during the pandemic. What Are the Symptoms of Antiphospholipid Syndrome? Beta-Thalassemia Minor and SARS-CoV-2: Physiopathology, Prevalence, Severity, Morbidity, and Mortality. Its considered safer to wait to begin gene therapy or prepare for a stem-cell transplant for thalassemia in communities currently affected by COVID-19. People with thalassemia tend to experience similar complications from COVID-19 as those without thalassemia. Farid Y, et al. (2023). 2020;91(3):e2020007. (2022). doi:10.2144/fsoa-2020-0110, Papadopoulos KI, Sutheesophon W, Manipalviratn S, Aw TC. -Thalassemia is the most prevalent single gene blood disorder, while the assessment of its susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) warrants it a pressing biomedical priority. Beta thalassemia may protect against COVID 19. A protein called the Rh factor can also be present (+) or absent (-) from the blood. A recent pre-print study has showed a heme attack on the 1-beta chain of hemoglobin by COVID19. Therefore, it is unknown if COVID-19 vaccines are as efficacious for patients with thalassemia as they were found to be for the clinical trial participants . They also indicate that haemochromatosis type 1 might confer some protection. Luspatercept improves hemoglobin levels and blood transfusion requirements in a study of patients with -thalassemia. What We Know. doi: 10.4084/MJHID.2023.007. Hemoglobin is the component of red blood cells that carries oxygen to the tissues of the body. Am J Hematol. Everybody except for 1 of the 16 people in the study required regular blood transfusions. Most cases are caused by a mutation in the HBB gene. Jean-Mignard E, et al. Thalassemia is a hereditary disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin. Last medically reviewed on April 6, 2023. However, certain issues, such as pneumonia and respiratory failure, blood clots, and heart-related complications, should be monitored for. Is the COVID-19 Vaccine Linked to Tinnitus? Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Learn more about COVID-19 vaccination for people with beta-thalassemia or . A Southeast Asian perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic: hemoglobin E (HbE)-trait confers resistance against COVID-19. Kakkar S, et al. 2020;7:306.doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00306, Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V. Hemoglobinopathy and COVID-19, Hematol Transfus Cell Ther. According to this systematic-review meta-analysis, beta-thalassemia carriers could be less affected by CO VID-19 than the general population and more susceptible to die from COVID-19 or one of its consequences. The results provide hope that people receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will develop similar lasting immune memories after vaccination. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. But some researchers believe it may, based on the primarily mild symptoms of COVID-19 in people with thalassemia found in a study out of Southeast Asia. (2022). Beta thalassemia is the most common blood disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene. doi:10.12659/MSMBR.929207, Drouin E. Beta-thalassemia may protect against COVID 19. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Thus far, studies have been mixed as to whether thalassemia patients are more likely to experience serious outcomes of COVID-19 (such as hospitalization or death). WHO COVID19 Dashboard. Sadly, the reduction in the blood supply has led many people with thalassemia to receive fewer transfusions than usual, prompting healthcare providers caring for people with the condition to look for options that may reduce the need for or frequency of transfusions. As a whole, experts recommend that peopleregardless of blood typekeep following CDC guidelines to prevent the spread of COVID-19. A comprehensive review of studies published in Seminars in Vascular Surgery in September 2021 examined peer-reviewed journal articles published from March 2020 to January 2021. Chowdhury SF, Anwar S. Management of hemoglobin disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2022). Vaccines can help people with beta thalassemia lower their chances of getting COVID-19 or having severe illness if they do get COVID-19. People with certain medical conditions. There are no extra safety precautions necessary for people with beta thalassemia who get vaccinated against COVID-19 when compared with people in the general population. It causes mild to severe respiratory illness with some flu-like symptoms. In late 2020, a team of researchers in the United States and Europe succeeded for the first time in using CRISPR to treat 10 people with sickle cell disease and transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia. Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by an inherited mutation in your HBB gene. 2023 Healthline Media LLC. They only have one mutated HBB gene from their parents. Med Hypotheses. While the link between blood type and COVID-19 risk is still unclear, it's important to note that there have been links between blood type and diseases in the past. PMC Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. A Study Says These 4 Factors May Predict Persistent Symptoms, Journal of the American Medical Association, CDC guidelines to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Guidelines for the Management of Transfusion Dependent Thalassaemia, 3rd ed. Still, the study authors wrote, "the impact of blood type on clinical outcomes remains unclear. 8600 Rockville Pike Nutrition. The prevalence among those who were transfusion dependent was roughly the same as people without thalassemia. Folic acid can help red blood cells develop. (2022). Should people with thalassemia receive the COVID-19 vaccine? Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Since thalassemia trait causes only mild symptoms, if any, it usually doesnt affect life expectancy. Can Being Heterozygous for the Beta-Thalassemia Trait Affect Your Pregnancy? For those who develop COVID-19, doctors should be aware of this increased risk of a secondary bacterial infection so that antibiotics can be started early with any signs, such as a fever. A simple blood test could let a doctor know if you have alpha- or beta-thalassemia minor. Thalassaemia International Federation . Doctors and researchers have looked at the evidence. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Lynne Eldrige, MD, is a lung cancer physician, patient advocate, and award-winning author of "Avoiding Cancer One Day at a Time. A 2022 study found that people with beta-thalassemia trait were also at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19. There are two types of alpha-thalassemia trait. Some of these release special . Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. APS is an autoimmune disorder that makes your blood clot easily. fatalities for sickle cell anaemia carriers and for -thalassaemia carriers. Learn more about beta-thalassemia trait and pregnancy. Early in the pandemic, two studies published in the Blood Advances journal in October 2020 showed a possible link between blood type and vulnerability to COVID-19. It can cause life threatening heart conditions, such as stroke. This could be dangerous, as too much iron can cause serious health problems. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Should you get a COVID vaccine if you have beta thalassemia? Bookshelf Impact of IFN-1a in treatment of a COVID-19 patient with beta thalassemia and diabetes mellitus: A case report. 2020;57(5):478.doi:10.1007/s13312-020-1831-9, By Lynne Eldridge, MD If you have thalassemia trait, it means you carry a genetic mutation that causes thalassemia, but you dont have the disease yourself. (2022). What's the Link Between ARDS and COVID-19? Here are some frequently asked questions people have about beta thalassemia and COVID-19 vaccines. To inherit thalassemia, both your parents must pass down the affected gene to you. Six had their spleens removed. Experts estimate 1.5% of the worlds population to be carriers. Drouin E, et al. Learn more about its symptoms and how it's diagnosed. It is caused by genetic defects that control the production of hemoglobin. As published in the New England Journal of Medicine, several months after this non-heritable treatment, all patients no longer needed frequent . eCollection 2023. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, thalassemia can affect your ability to become pregnant and increase your risk of complications if you do. -. It's not known whether blood clots with COVID-19 are more common among people with thalassemia, but healthcare providers should be aware of this potential risk. Thalassemia is classified as alpha or beta depending on the part of hemoglobin your body isnt producing in adequate amounts. Treatment may include regular blood transfusions. 2021;16(1):114.doi:10.1186/s13023-021-01757-w. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Blood types can also serve as receptors for viruses and bacteria, and that could be another factor, explained Dr. Russo, there may be some other, completely different component of type O blood that works to prevent infection. If both parents carry a trait for either alpha- or beta-thalassemia, their child could develop a severe form of the disease. Learn more about its symptoms and how it's diagnosed. Additionally, COVID-19 has complicated some treatments for thalassemia, such as the availability of lifesaving blood transfusions. Experts are warning people that they may have an allergy to red meat if they develop these gastrointestinal symptoms. For many people with alopecia areata, dietary changes and adding certain supplements can help manage and treat the condition. See additional information. (2022). The present statement summarizes the key challenges concerning the management of haemoglobinopathies, with particular focus on patients with either transfusion-dependent or non-transfusion-dependent thalassaemia, identifies the gaps in knowledge and suggests measures and strategies to deal with the pandemic, based on available evidence and expert opinions. It's not known whether this therapy has any effect on the outcomes of COVID-19 in people with thalassemia. "People with type O blood may be more susceptible to norovirus," said infectious disease expert Amesh A. Adalja, MD, senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. In a 2022 study, researchers found that people with beta thalassemia minor had a higher chance of dying from COVID-19 than people in the general population. The proposed measures and strategies may be useful as a blueprint for other disorders which require regular hospital visits, as well as for the timely adaptation of patient care during similar future pandemics. The causal virus behind this disease, SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), conceivably attacks the . Types include alpha and beta thalassemia. That said, the shortage of the blood supply has proven challenging. The dosages and timing, however, should be carefully discussed with your healthcare before starting any supplement. With more research, we may one day have a clearer understanding of the connection between COVID-19 and different blood types. It's also helpful to know your blood typespecifically the Rh factorduring pregnancy, so your doctor can troubleshoot if the unborn baby has a different Rh factor. Aim: Low levels of immune-related micronutrients have been identified in -thalassemia samples. Its also the only way to tell if youre a silent carrier. One small study found that people with the thalassemia trait (carriers) were less likely to develop a COVID-19 infection or die from the disease.

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