genetically modified food reading comprehension

Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. In situations where weed pressure is high, the use of such crops has resulted in a reduction in the quantity of the herbicides used. WHO, together with FAO, has convened several expert consultations on the evaluation of GM foods and provided technical advice for the Codex Alimentarius Commission which was fed into the Codex Guidelines on safety assessment of GM foods. 2 farmers, 2 views of Genetically Modified Foods Reading Comprehension 1. According to the FDA, researchers who develop GMO foods run tests to ensure that allergens arent transferred from one food to another (15). . Lycopene is naturally found in pineapples, and it is the pigment that makes tomatoes red and watermelons pink. Genetically modified food may seem strange, but so did other new technologies at first. This article helps explain what GMOs are, provides a balanced explanation of their pros and cons, and gives guidance on how to identify GMO foods. Codex principles do not have a binding effect on national legislation, but are referred to specifically in the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures of the World Trade Organization (SPS Agreement), and WTO Members are encouraged to harmonize national standards with Codex standards. Are GMOs Safe? Why are certain groups concerned about the growing influence of the chemical industry on agriculture? Can diet help improve depression symptoms? genetically modified (GM): an organism or crop containing genetic material that has been artificially altered so as to produce a desired characteristic genetically modified organism (GMO): any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques genotype: the genetic makeup of an organism Canola seed meal can also be used in food for animals. 1 Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on genetically modified food and feed. Image 3: Food scientists use bioengineering to genetically alter a food to introduce new traits, such as drought or pest resistance. See additional information. Reach out to our Director of Education, David Olson: Retro Report is a documentary news organization dedicated to examining stories after their headlines fade; it is non-partisan, independent and nonprofit. Europeans tend to be skeptical about the consumption of genetically modified foods and there is strong consumer pressure, supported by the Green parties, to ban farmers from growing GM crops in the . FDA has approved an application allowing the sale of the AquAdvantage Salmon to consumers. Page 2. Loveteaching is from/lives in Portugal and has been a member of iSLCollective since 2011-10-17. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. To be transparent, Calgene made sure packages of Flavr Savr tomatoes were labelled as genetically engineered, with an 800 number to field customer questions. Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; summarize complex concepts, processes, or information presented in a text by paraphrasing them in simpler but still accurate terms. However, techniques used to create GMOs are important in creating some medicines as well. 1973: Biochemists Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen develop genetic engineering by inserting DNA from one bacteria into another. In the space of a few years, Slow Food has become a major lobbying force in the European Union on agriculture and trade policy. ESL Printables, As of 2022, the USDA requires that foods with GMO ingredients must be labeled bioengineered food. What happens when GM foods are traded internationally? Advertise here. Corn is the most commonly grown crop in the United States, and most of it is GMO. Within the past few years scientists have revolutionized genetic engineering techniques so that now, with relative ease, they can precisely edit the genetic coding of animals more-or-less on. 1940: Plant breeders learn to use radiation or chemicals to randomly change an organisms DNA. The risks will vary depending on local conditions. Live Worksheets GM crops with higher nutrient content (e.g. While genetically-engineered foods are labelled in Europe, they are not required to be labelled in this country. Human health effects of genetically engineered crops. WHO will keep paying due attention to the safety of GM foods from the view of public health protection, in close collaboration with FAO and other international bodies. Many concerns about the disadvantages relate to human health. What are the advantages and potential dangers of allowing for-profit corporations to control the intellectual property and gene patents that are responsible for producing much of the worlds food supply. As genetically modified produce makes its way to market this year, experts debate whether these foods are safer to consume than other products. When you hear the term GMO you probably think of food. This is because they must meet the same safety standards as other foods, and there should be no need for additional regulation. GM crops that inherently produce this toxin have been shown to require lower quantities of insecticides in specific situations, e.g. GMO cotton not only provides a reliable source of cotton for the textile industry, it is also used to make cottonseed oil, which is used in packaged foods and in many restaurants for frying. Virus resistance makes plants less susceptible to diseases caused by such viruses, resulting in higher crop yields. It comes from a naturally occurring bacteria known as Bacillus thuringiensis. Additionally, with Earth's ever-increasing . GMOs can be turned into products like cornstarch, corn syrup, soybean oil, canola oil, corn oil, or granulated sugar. Most of the currently available GMO foods are plants, such as fruit and vegetables. <>>> Certain groups are concerned about what they consider to be an undesirable level of control of seed markets by a few chemical companies. The migration of genes from GM plants into conventional crops or related species in the wild (referred to as outcrossing), as well as the mixing of crops derived from conventional seeds with GM crops, may have an indirect effect on food safety and food security. insects which are not pests) to the gene product; the stability of the gene; the reduction in the spectrum of other plants including loss of biodiversity; and increased use of chemicals in agriculture. Most GMO canola is resistant to herbicides and helps farmers to more easily control weeds in their fields. Consumers have questioned the validity of risk assessments, both with regard to consumer health and environmental risks, focusing in particular on long-term effects. However, changes took a long time to achieve, and it was hard to make specific changes. As such, the GMO crops dont need to be exposed to harmful pesticides as often (3). The following are the most common GMO crops produced and sold in the U.S.: Derivatives of these foods, such as cornstarch and sugar, also feature in other manufactured foods. In addition, current research suggests that GMO foods are safe for consumption (13). based on the need to examine the potential negative effects on human health of the consumption of food produced through genetic modification in order to protect public health. Specific systems have been set up for the rigorous evaluation of GM organisms and GM foods relative to both human health and the environment. https://www.government.nl/topics/biotechnology/antibiotic-resistant-genes, https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/be, https://www.cancer.org/healthy/eat-healthy-get-active/acs-guidelines-nutrition-physical-activity-cancer-prevention/common-questions.html, https://royalsociety.org/topics-policy/projects/gm-plants/could-eating-gm-food-have-an-effect-on-my-genes/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18989835/, https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/food-genetically-modified, https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/guidance-industry-voluntary-labeling-indicating-whether-foods-have-or-have-not-been-derived, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772566921000045, https://www.fda.gov/food/agricultural-biotechnology/how-gmos-are-regulated-food-and-plant-safety-united-states, https://climatescience.org/advanced-food-GMO?gclid=CjwKCAjwxZqSBhAHEiwASr9n9GYnSYJH_h6Lqu3KKDTcCAP97J7_qjvIiCYlX3xZ_SJLUVd5ham7LhoC28oQAvD_BwE, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK424534/, https://royalsociety.org/topics-policy/projects/gm-plants/is-it-safe-to-eat-gm-crops/, https://www.cell.com/trends/plant-science/fulltext/S1360-1385(22)00004-8?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1360138522000048%3Fshowall%3Dtrue, https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/chapter/chapter-5/, https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/12/21/2018-27283/national-bioengineered-food-disclosure-standard, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278691518309037, https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/adoption-of-genetically-engineered-crops-in-the-us/recent-trends-in-ge-adoption.aspx, https://www.fda.gov/food/agricultural-biotechnology/science-and-history-gmos-and-other-food-modification-processes, https://www.fda.gov/food/food-new-plant-varieties/understanding-new-plant-varieties, https://www.fda.gov/media/135274/download, https://royalsociety.org/topics-policy/projects/gm-plants/what-is-gm-and-how-is-it-done/, https://www.fda.gov/food/agricultural-biotechnology/why-do-farmers-us-grow-gmo-crops, https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2120901118, New clues to slow aging? GMO foods undergo strict testing before they can be commercialized. When it comes to GMOs, many people . GMO, which stands for genetically modified organism, refers to any organism whose DNA has been modified using genetic engineering technology. Genetically refers to genes. Our collection is growing every day with the help of many teachers. The crops produced in this way are called GMO crops. Resistance against insects is achieved by incorporating into the food plant the gene for toxin production from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). While hundreds of published reports have explored the benefits and risks of GMO foods, many people strongly believe GMOs are unsafe for human consumption. Learn what the terms cured and uncured bacon actually mean when you see them in the store. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can be defined as organisms in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally. This is because GMO foods contain foreign genes, so some people worry that they harbor genes from foods that may prompt an allergic reaction. Roundup and its active ingredient glyphosate are subject to controversy because animal and test-tube studies have linked them to various diseases (24, 25, 26). National food authorities may be called upon to examine the safety of such conventional foods obtained from novel varieties of organisms, but this is not always the case. There are no genetically engineered wheat varieties for sale or in commercial production in the United States. In contrast, most national authorities consider that specific assessments are necessary for GM foods. Guidance for industry: Voluntary labeling indicating whether foods have or have not been derived from genetically engineered plants. In the European Union (EU), foods with more than 0.9% GMO ingredients must list genetically modified or produced from genetically modified [name of food]. For foods without packaging, these words must be listed near the item, such as on the supermarket shelf (37). How GMO crops have come to dominate agricultural production and consumption processes. Future GM organisms are likely to include plants with improved resistance against plant disease or drought, crops with increased nutrient levels, fish species with enhanced growth characteristics. In the FAO/WHO expert consultation in 2003, WHO and FAO have considered potential problems of the technological divide and the unbalanced distribution of benefits and risks between developed and developing countries and the problem often becomes even more acute through the existence of intellectual property rights and patenting that places an advantage on the strongholds of scientific and technological expertise. What has WHO been doing to improve the evaluation of GM foods? Despite the lack of consensus on these topics, the Codex Alimentarius Commission has made significant progress and developed Codex texts relevant to labelling of foods derived from modern biotechnology in 2011 to ensure consistency on any approach on labelling implemented by Codex members with already adopted Codex provisions. However, public attention has focused on the risk side of the risk-benefit equation, often without distinguishing between potential environmental impacts and public health effects of GMOs. GM food can stop bugs from eating it. <> Most soy grown in the United States is GMO soy. Several countries have adopted strategies to reduce mixing, including a clear separation of the fields within which GM crops and conventional crops are grown. Also, breeders may struggle to determine which genetic change has led to a new trait. More than half the granulated sugar packaged for grocery store shelves is made from GMO sugar beets. Consumers with less education and higher income were more likely to underestimate their knowledge. It allows selected individual genes to be transferred from one organism into another, also between nonrelated species. In the first paragraph, the author mentions a celebration. Reading comprehension - ensure that you draw the most important information given about genetically modified food from the lesson Making connections - use understanding of the concept of. It is worth noting that 99.9% of all sugar beet harvested in the U.S. is GMO, as well as over 90% of all canola, corn, soybean, and cotton. Ask questions to clarify relationships about the role of DNA and chromosomes in coding the instructions for characteristic traits passed on from parents to offspring. Scientists transfer new DNA into plant cells. Starting on January 1, 2022, all large food manufacturers in the . Understanding new plant varieties. Most GMO crops are resistant to herbicides, such as Roundup. GMO crops are relatively new, and researchers are still investigating their long-term safety and health effects, but no evidence has yet emerged that currently available GMO foods are harmful to human health. Learn more about the, This article identifies the 15 most healthful foods based on recent research. Although allergy concerns are valid, there have been no reports of allergic reactions to GMO foods currently on the market. worksheets, lesson plans, activities, etc. 250-472-4747 We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. A person grows plants from the new seeds. Does the European Union require labeling? Although most notable organizations and research suggest that GMO foods are safe and sustainable, some people claim they may harm your health and the environment. Read more. 2 0 obj Email Issues of concern include: the capability of the GMO to escape and potentially introduce the engineered genes into wild populations; the persistence of the gene after the GMO has been harvested; the susceptibility of non-target organisms (e.g. reading comprehension of a text on genetically modified food, inserted on the topic healthy habits. Although current research suggests that GMO foods are safe for consumption, some people are concerned about their potential health effects. Genetic modification can make plants resistant to disease and tolerant of herbicides, and therefore, the process can increase the amount of food that farmers can grow. This resource does not contain any images, words or ideas that would upset a reasonable person in any culture. While a lot of GMO corn goes into processed foods and drinks, most of it is used to feed livestock, like cows, and poultry, like chickens. However, a GMO food needs a special label if it is materially different from its conventional counterpart. soybeans increased oleic acid) have been also studied recently. This article reviews the differences between beet and cane sugar to. Second is Modified. However, this label is voluntary. 2. Presently, some foods may have a third-party Non-GMO project verified label, which indicates that the product contains no GMOs. The premise of these principles sets out a premarket assessment, performed on a caseby- case basis and including an evaluation of both direct effects (from the inserted gene) and unintended effects (that may arise as a consequence of insertion of the new gene) Codex also developed three Guidelines: Guideline for the conduct of food safety assessment of foods derived from recombinant-DNA plants, Guideline for the conduct of food safety assessment of foods produced using recombinant-DNA microorganisms, Guideline for the conduct of food safety assessment of foods derived from recombinant-DNA animals. Worksheets that motivate students. Because GMO sugar beets are resistant to herbicides, growing GMO sugar beets helps farmers control weeds in their fields. Genetic engineering is a process that involves: The following example gives a general idea of the steps it takes to create a GMO plant. for only $13.00 $11.05/page. However, this study was later retracted because it was poorly designed (17, 18, 19). Reading Comprehension. 1986: The federal government establishes the Coordinated Framework for the Regulation of Biotechnology. GMO summer squash is resistant to some plant viruses. Amazon Kunde. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Countries which have legislation in place focus primarily on assessment of risks for consumer health. Where medicines are concerned, many consumers more readily accept biotechnology as beneficial for their health (e.g. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the primary regulatory agency responsible for ensuring the safety of GMO and non-GMO food for animals. In addition, some GMO potato varieties have been developed to resist bruising and browning that can occur when potatoes are packaged, stored, and transported, or even cut in your kitchen. What can bugs do that make it hard to be a farmer? In the laboratory, scientists grow the new corn plant to ensure it has adopted the desired trait (insect resistance). Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. People have been eating foods grown from genetically engineered seed for only the past two decades. However, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and USDA maintain that GMOs are safe for human and animal consumption (6). On issues such as labelling and traceability of GM foods as a way to address consumer preferences, there is no worldwide consensus to date. Canola oil is used in many packaged foods to improve food consistency. Worksheets that motivate students. Although current research suggests that GMO foods are safe, there is some concern around their long-term safety and environmental impact (13). wT\kA\M*wnqxwmVP;[Ep={kF!vz`8s])K|xIR#b#3I6 /=um*R:b/Meh5y?{l+.!G&HFzS_g62:QZw5[c. By the 1990s, ringspot virus disease had nearly wiped out Hawaiis papaya crop, and in the process almost destroyed the papaya industry in Hawaii. Should national authorities decide to conduct safety assessment of GM organisms, WHO recommends the use of Codex Alimentarius guidelines (See the answer to Question 11 below). The Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) is the joint FAO/WHO intergovernmental body responsible for developing the standards, codes of practice, guidelines and recommendations that constitute the Codex Alimentarius, meaning the international food code. Continue reading the main story. Use the reread strategy to Only a few types of GMO crops are grown in the United States, but some of these GMOs make up a large percentage of the crop grown (e.g., soybeans, corn, sugar beets, canola, and cotton). The GalSafe pig was developed to be free of detectable alpha-gal sugar on its cell surfaces. Even though the issues under debate are usually very similar (costs and benefits, safety issues), the outcome of the debate differs from country to country. They must meet the same safety requirements as non-GMO foods. Why? In 2013, GMO canola made up 95% of canola planted while GMO sugar beets made up 99.9% of all sugar beets harvested. perception, and lower intention to purchase genetically modified foods than other participants. What further developments can be expected in the area of GMOs? One of the objectives for developing plants based on GM organisms is to improve crop protection. . In other words, cows do not become the grass they eat and chickens dont become the corn they eat. In addition to nutritional value, food often has societal and historical connotations, and in some instances may have religious importance. Tm kim cc cng vic lin quan n Ielts reading passage de profundis clamavi answers hoc thu ngi trn th trng vic lm freelance ln nht th gii vi hn 22 triu cng vic. In view of the dynamics of the debate on GM foods, legislation is likely to continue to evolve. In the U.S., the FDA does not require special labeling for GMO foods. Level: intermediate. GMO canola is used mostly to make cooking oil and margarine. In the late 1980s early 1990s, the results of decades of molecular research reached the public domain. Personal Health. Although GMOs are in a lot of the foods we eat, most of the GMO crops grown in the United States are used for animal food. In 1994, the "Flavr Savr" tomato made its debut on supermarket shelves across the country, opening the door to the continuing dispute over genetically modified food products. However, research is ongoing. Learn more about the process for creating genetically engineered microbes and genetically engineered animals.

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