which ecosystem likely has the highest biodiversity?

rep., Land Degradation Neutrality Target Setting Programme of the Secretariat and the Global Mechanism of the UNCCD. https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2021.1936865, Plieninger T, Muoz-Rojas J, Buck LE, Scherr SJ (2020) Agroforestry for sustainable landscape management. Across the continental United States, private land makes up almost 70 percent of areas with important concentrations of unprotected imperiled species, the researchers found. Hence option B is correct. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5367-9_16, Shomurodov K, Rakhimova T, Adilov B, Beshko N, Karimov F, Polvonov F (2021) Current state of vegetation of the dried bottom of the Aral Sea., 629. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/629/1/012085, Summary report on the LDN target setting programme in the Republic of Uzbekistan. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15498, Article Qi L, Yao Y, English DE, Ma R, Luft J, Hu C (2021) Remote sensing of brine shrimp cysts in salt lakes. Annotated List of Wetlands of International Importance: Uzbekistan. Governance challenges in terms of cooperation among various agencies to effectively conduct research and development, and subsequent monitoring of interventions implemented. Other than adding vocabulary, what developments occur in Biodiversity is extremely important to people and the health of ecosystems. The snakes, which hunt birds, have caused the extinction of nine of the islands 11 native forest-dwellingbird species.People all over the world are working to maintain the planets biodiversity. Both the ecosystem and the human population of the region are under considerable pressure due to the consequences of the Aral Sea desiccation. Mackinnon K, Mrema EM, Richardson K, Cooper D, Gidda SB (2021) Editorial essay: Protected and conserved areas: Contributing to more ambitious conservation outcomes post 2020. A groundbreaking bipartisan bill aims to address the looming wildlife crisis before it's too late, while creating sorely needed jobs. Rangeland/grassland restoration can reduce net soil CO2 emissions, conserve biodiversity, soil and water resources (Abdalla, Mutema, Chivenge, Everson, & Chaplot, 2022), (Li, Chen, Zhang, & Pan, 2019), and thus have a climate mitigating factor. Success of EBA/NbS projects is quite difficult to evaluate, which is why it is essential to document every evidence (Mills, et al., 2020). As reported by Schlter, et al. Using a microscope, we would be able to see hundreds or even thousands of different bacteria that inhabit the pond water. . Search results included English and Russian languages for both search engines, as a majority of the research performed historically in Central Asia has been reported in the Russian language; results returned in any other languages were excluded (due to linguistic limitations of the research team). https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12790, Agency of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea. All these have led to increased levels of soil and water salinity, as well as to the reduction of the water table of desert pastures in the Aral Sea basin (Toderich, et al., 2013b). Cambridge University Press. As the number of ecological issues associated with biodiversity loss, climate change, food security is expected to grow in the coming decades, protected areas are seen as an effective adaptation and mitigation tool (MacKinnon, Dudley, & Sandwith, 2011). Maps like these offer a valuable tool to officials and conservationists who are scrambling to protect biodiversity. As ecosystems become healthier, their biodiversity increases. Much of the Earths biodiversity, however, is in jeopardy due to human consumption and other activities that disturb and even destroy ecosystems. As per the table ecosystem, X has the highest diversity. According to Walter Jetz, an ecologist who leads Yale Universitys biodiversity mapping efforts, its essential that policymakers make data-driven decisions about which areas to protect. First Aral sea basin program (ASBP-1). Most people recognize biodiversity by speciesa group of individual living organisms that can interbreed. The government of Uzbekistan has officially stated that it will now be impossible to restore the Aral Sea to its former (pre-1960) state, and has instead committed to mitigate the consequences of this ecological disaster on human wellbeing, environment and the local economy. It can be used more specifically to refer to all of the speciesin one region or ecosystem. The recent study by the UN (ILRI, 2021) reveals that rangelands occupy 54% of the global terrestrial surface and cover about 57% of the territory of Uzbekistan (Toderich, et al., 2013a). It is clear that deeper research is needed in terms of the impact these ecosystem changes might have in the long term, as well as their self-sustaining capacities, and the timespan it takes to balance out the investments and the potential benefits. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16065. Private landowners may be reluctant to report them or allow surveys for fear of the restrictions that could follow if they are found. Medicines that treat some forms ofcancerhave been made from therosy periwinkle, a flower that grows on the African island of Madagascar. Over half of all the animals already identified are invertebrates. D. Smaller populations are less likely to go extinct than larger populations, so the species diversity will remain constant., Which of the following examples illustrates the community with the highest biodiversity? o adaptive immune system Sustain Dev. If we do not stop the threats to biodiversity, we could be facing another mass extinction with dire consequences to the environment, and human health and livelihood. South Ustyurt National ParkFootnote 5 total area: 14471.43km2, year of designation: 2020. A single grassland can contain a wide range of species, from beetles to snakes to antelopes. (2022) https://lex.uz/docs/5892355, Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the establishment of South Ustyurt National Park (in Uzbek language). Fungi helpdecomposeorganisms tofertilizethe soil. In some cases, it has been demonstrated that protected areas can, among other things, provide human health benefits and thus can offset healthcare costs (Oberle, Mackinnon, & Sandwith, 2021). The geographic precision now available, Dr. Hamilton said, can allow private individuals and conservation groups to focus more accurately on preventing extinctions. As per the table ecosystem, X has the highest diversity. o adaptive immune system Available at: https://www.protectedplanet.net/555703562, UNEP-WCMC (2023) Protected Area Profile for Sudochye-Akpetki State Wildlife Sanctuary from the World Database on Protected Areas. IUCN has set out a Global Standard for Nature-Based Solutions (IUCN, 2020), which defines eight criteria for addressing societal, economic, and environmental dimensions for NbS design and implementation (Fig. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15645, CBD-UNDP (2021). Cattle then produce manure that returns nutrients to the soil, which helps to grow more grass. The authors declare no competing interests. Gland: IUCN Publications Unit, IUCN (2017) Drylands and land degradation. As part of the Aichi Biodiversity Target 11, to which Uzbekistan has committed (CBD-UNDP, 2021), protected areas highly contribute to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The chart shows information about four ecosystems. Biodiversity can include everything from towering redwood trees to tiny, single-cellalgaethat are impossible to see without a microscope.Kinds of BiodiversityA common way to measure biodiversity is to count the total number of species living within a particular area.Tropicalregions, areas that are warm year-round, have the most biodiversity.Temperateregions, which have warm summers and cold winters, have less biodiversity. Oxford University Press, New York: 2000 They depend on one another. Biodiversity can also be harmed byintroduced species. Ecosystems that host the most biodiversity tend to have ideal environmental conditions for plant growth, like the warm and wet climate of tropical regions. Let your eyes wander to the areas of this map that deepen into red. Conservation efforts are necessary to preserve biodiversity and protect endangered species and their habitats. All authors contributed to the study conception and design. (Human beings have about 25,000 genes, while rice has more than 56,000.) Land Degrad Dev 32:44724483. Afforestation of irrigated cropland in combination with agroforestry in the Aral Sea basin is recommended by a number of authors (Djalilov, Khamzina, Hornidge, & Lamers, 2016), (Dubovyk, Menz, & Khamzina, 2016), (Khamzina, Lamers, Worbes, Botman, & Vlek, 2006), (Kumar, Khamzina, Knfel, Lamers, & Tischbein, 2021) as a means to reduce soil salinity on degraded agricultural lands, which could be another solution to reduce salinity and improve soil quality of abandoned croplands. Yet a study by Smithsonian scientists, published this week in the journal Science, shows that. https://doi.org/10.2305/iucn.ch.2020.09.en, IUCN (2020) IUCN Global Standard for Nature-based Solutions: a user-friendly framework for the verification, design and scaling up of NbS: first edition. Agenda item 19. The most prominent native species in terms of the ability to grow in sandy, loamy and saline soils are reported to be Saxaul (Haloxylon), Salsola Richteri (Moq) Karel ex Litv and Calligonum caput-medusae Schrenk (Bakirov, Khamzaev, & Novitskiy, 2020), Krascheninnikovia eversmanniana and Artemisia ferganensis (Shomurodov, et al., 2021). So, policymakers and scientists must collaborate to ensure that only native plant and tree species are used for afforestation, if the intervention is to count as a NbS. LESNOY ZHURNAL-FORESTRY JOURNAL, 51-59. https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2020-2-51-59, Bekele T, Haile Y (2021) Intensification of climate change mitigation and adaptation actions through wetland conservation: the case of Ethiopian freshwater wetlands. This state-by-state analysis of U.S. biodiversity ranks all 50 states on several key biological characteristics, including diversity of species, endemism, levels of rarity and risk, and species already lost to extinction. Sci Total Environ 709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136060, Lioubimtseva E, Henebry GM (2009) Climate and environmental change in arid Central Asia: Impacts, vulnerability, and adaptations. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605311001608. (A biological community is an interacting group of various species in a common location.) According to Schlter et al. Ecological biodiversity is the diversity of ecosystems, natural communities, and habitats. Identifying and understanding the relationships between all the life on Earth are some of the greatest challenges in science. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6652-5_13, Toderich KN, Shuyskaya EV, Taha FK, Matsuo N, Ismail S, Aralova DB, Radjabov TF (2013b) Integrating agroforestry and pastures for soil salinity management in dryland ecosystems in Aral Sea basin. All dogs are part of the same species, but their genes can dictate whether they are Chihuahua or a Great Dane. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Sci Total Environ 599-600:967980. (S. Alikhanova, Interviewer), Arashkevich EG, Sapozhnikov PV, Soloviov KA, Kudyshkin TV, Zavialov PO (2009) Artemia parthenogenetica (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from the Large Aral Sea: Abundance, distribution, population structure and cyst production. 3. Other than adding vocabulary, what developments occur in Sci Total Environ 784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147058, Lamers JP, Bobojonov I, Khamzina A, Franz JS (2008) Financial analysis of small-scale forests in the amu darya lowlands of rural uzbekistan. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2020.09.001, Oberle B, Mackinnon K, Sandwith T (2021) Vital sites: Protected and conserved areas offer solutions for building back better. Dry areas are reported to be among the most vulnerable to land degradation caused by climate change and anthropogenic activities (UNCCD, 2017), and, in case of the global temperature rise over targeted 1,5C, they will be more susceptible to increased surface warming than humid areas. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139177788.021, Carroll C, Ray JC (2021) Maximizing the effectiveness of national commitments to protected area expansion for conserving biodiversity and ecosystem carbon under climate change. During dry years these wetlands tend to almost dry out (Schlter, et al., 2013). In the long term, rehabilitation of degraded rangelands in the Aral Sea basin has a potential to improve livelihood options of local pastoralists. Retrieved from https://knowledge.unccd.int/sites/default/files/ldn_targets/2019-04/Uzbekistan LDN TSP Country Report_0.pdf, Sweeney OF, Turnbull J, Jones M, Letnic M, Newsome TM, Sharp A (2019) An Australian perspective on rewilding. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0755(199911/12)9:6<517::AID-AQC383>3.0.CO;2-C. Yang Y, Yuanyue P, Xiang Y, Zhijie T, Lingxiao S, Disse M, Ruide Y (2019) Climate change, water resources and sustainable development in the arid and semi-arid lands of Central Asia in the past 30 years. To reach its commitments to increase the percentage of protected areas with respect to the total territory, the government of Uzbekistan almost tripled the area of PAs in Karakalpakstan in 20212022 alone. Inland Waters 11:445456. Due to its diversity of freshwater and marine ecosystems, the United States ranks particularly high in terms of fish species. Nature-based AND solutions AND terrestrial, Nature-based solutions AND protected area, Nature-based AND solutions AND Central Asia. Local, national, andinternational organizations are cooperating to preserve the biodiversity of regions threatened by development or natural disasters.UNESCOsWorld Heritage Siteprogram recognizes areas of global importance, such as the enormous wetland region of thePantanalin South America. Meg researched the biodiversity in four water ecosystems. Biodiversityrefers to all the different kinds of living organisms within a given area. Currently we have identified only 1.7 million species, so we have a long way to go before we can come close to figuring out exactly how many species are on Earth. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to systematically review nature-based solutions in dryland ecosystems, and certainly the first with a specific geographic focus on the Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan as a case study. Biodiversity, or biological diversity, is a term that refers to the number of genes, species, individual organisms within a given species, and biological communities within a defined geographic area, ranging from the smallest ecosystem to the global biosphere. Based on the information in the chart, ecosystem X has the highest biodiversity.Therefore, option B is correct.. What is an ecosystem? The most common cases of ecosystem-based approaches (Cohen-Shacham, et al., 2019), an alternative to NbS suggested widely in the literature reviewed, appeared to be afforestation, agroforestry and wetland restoration with the prevailing number of studies originating from China (Fig. Uniting all Americans to ensure wildlife thrive in a rapidly changing world, Inspire a lifelong connection with wildlife and wild places through our children's publications, products, and activities, National Wildlife Federation is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. https://aral.uz/en/creation-of-small-local-water-bodies-in-the-delta-of-amudarya/, Agol D, Reid H, Crick F, Wendo, H (2021) Ecosystem-based adaptation in Lake Victoria Basin; synergies and trade-offs. Large-scale afforestation as NbS in the dried-out Aral Sea basin presents opportunities for further research in lieu of absence of documented evidence on the environment, both positive (e.g., the extent of sand transfer reduction) and negative (e.g., impact on groundwater resources). Just one small section of the Escambia River, which flows through the Florida Panhandle, is home to two imperiled mussel species, along with a turtle and crayfish also at risk of extinction. Sudochye-Akpetki state wildlife sanctuaryFootnote 6 total area: 2805.07km2, year of designation: 2021.

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