suave house records discographywhy is graham wardle leaving heartland
Armani is known as the most successful designer that comes from Italy. Memphis-based Select-O-Hits, a distributor with roots stretching back to the 1970s, handled many of these releases regionally, and the company continued to be an important resource in later years. Production was handled by Focus, Eminem, Black Jeruz, DJ Khalil, Domingo, Havoc, J. R. Rotem, LT Moe, Megahertz, Punch, Ron Browz, Sam Sneed, Sebb, Studio 44, and Sha Money XL, who also served as co-executive producer. He had dreamed to become an extraordinary designer, nowadays its seen all around the world, especially on magazine covers. "121Patricia Yaeger, Dirt and Desire: Reconstructing Southern Womens Writing, 1930-1990 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), xiii, 7. tippy('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1518_1_121', { content: jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1518_1_121').html(), placement: 'bottom', theme: 'sosp', arrow: false, allowHTML: true }); A representation of crisis underlies crunk monstrosity, a struggle to express the paradox of change and stasis, of persistent structural racism and inequality, that situates black life in the United States. . USA Today, sec. "100Mike Schultz, [letter to the editor] "Crunk as in Stunk," New York Times, sec. Along with other artists like Hot Boy Ronald, Josephine Johnny, and Gotti Boi Chris, they produced music for small independent labels that was well-received in the local market and bore a strong New Orleans stylistic imprint. First and foremost, the city must produce rap music which is of interest to outside audiences. Its lead single, "Sho Nuff", peaked at No. Production was handled by Erick Sermon, who also served as executive producer, Redman, Rod "KP" Kirkpatrick and Busta Rhymes. The biographies of the group's principal members speak to the lack of a unified tie to place while both Willie D. and Scarface were from Houston, they grew up in different neighborhoods, separated by geographical distance as well as social class. . The Geto Boys were the first Houston group to break through to national audiences. Furthermore, an eclectic mix of ideas and made the most dynamic team in making innovative collections, praised and admired as Made in Italy products. The late 1990s saw yet another transition: an assertion of a wider, generic "southern" identity was increasingly abandoned in favor of more specific articulations of local identities keyed to city or neighborhood. From its beginnings in New York's neighborhoods, rap spread first to other large cities in the northeast, then jumped across the continent to southern California, for reasons that had much more to do with the preexisting structure of the music industry than with any sort of monopoly on talent held by the California-based rappers and producers who entered the national rap market in the late 1980s. It features three agreed-upon classics: Mr. Scarface Is Back, The Diary, and The Fix, with genre and legacy-defining albums in-between, including The Untouchable and Emeritus. Sample from MC T. Tucker & DJ Irv, "Where Dey At," Charlot Records, 1991. "109Katherine Henninger, Ordering the Facade: Photography and Contemporary Southern Women's Writing(Chapel Hill, Univ. Besides the line of clothing, and accessories, he has expanded to luxury hotels and restaurants. Before the Dirty South, artists from places like Atlanta, Houston, or Miami were not completely excluded from rap, but seemed compelled to adhere to certain stylistic and conceptual limitations in order to sustain a wider rap music authenticity that would ultimately contribute to their long-term economic prospects within the national market. In a point that sheds light on the Goodie Mob's "Dirty South" and the wider uprising to which this song contributed, Yaeger adds that dirt "also serves as a disrupter of systems. "112Gregory Johnson, "Southern Pride," Vibe (September 2001): 96. tippy('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1518_1_112', { content: jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1518_1_112').html(), placement: 'bottom', theme: 'sosp', arrow: false, allowHTML: true }); To some extent, then, artists from the South have used the rebel flag in ways that express deeply held feelings of anger and resentment over the southern past (and the present it informs) and that also serve to distance themselves from the white southern imaginary, a move that helped establish their authenticity within the rap music field. 8Ball & MJG were the label's flagship act, beginning with Comin' Out Hard (1993), the duo's debut album and the label's inaugural release. "79Baca, "Bring In Da Crunk"; Lewis, "Lil Jon and The East Side Boyz Islington Academy Mon." The Latin style blended with the black, Caribbean rhythm and colors. The decentralized beach town "a faceless stretch of suburbia" forms part of the sprawling "seven cities" on the swampy Virginia coast, and the presence of several military bases in the area provides a constantly shifting demographic diversity.39Sarig, Third Coast, 146. tippy('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1518_1_39', { content: jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1518_1_39').html(), placement: 'bottom', theme: 'sosp', arrow: false, allowHTML: true }); By taking advantage of the area's positioning with regard to the New York-centered rap industry, a small number of talented producers and artists found shortcuts to pop stardom, producing rap music with a "less aggressive take on place" than other southern urban scenes, and a musical sensibility unfettered by allegiance to local preferences.40Sasha Frere-Jones, "The Sound," New York Times, sec. He soon became a brand, enchanting with playful nature-alike collections. Hattie Collins, "Crunk: Lots More Goodies in Store. In 1992, Memphis rap was still largely self-contained and unknown in wider circles, a fact which led the city's top rap act, 8Ball & MJG, to depart for greener pastures in Houston with Suave House label owner Tony Draper. Sample from DJ Kizzy Rock featuring DJ Smurf, "Crank this Shit Up," Ichiban Records, 1996. USA Today, sec. As part of a larger entry on "southern hip-hop" that features a series of subgenres or local styles, Dirty South is listed as "the biggest and most popular genre of southern rap," which itself is "just a general term for Rap made in the South." "Features," February 6, 2005. tippy('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1518_1_75', { content: jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1518_1_75').html(), placement: 'bottom', theme: 'sosp', arrow: false, allowHTML: true }); As Lil Jon describes it, "crunk music is something parallel to rock 'n' roll or punk rock because of the energy it gives you. In a similar manner to 'West Coast' (L.A.-based) 'gangsta' rap, which rose to prominence in the late 1980s, the emergence of the Dirty South involved a combination of participation by previously marginalized participants as well as a shift in stylistic and conceptual conventions. Recording sessions took place at Chung King Studios, at D&D Studios, at Platinum Island Studios and at Greene St. Recording in New York, and at Chris Biondo Studios in Washington, D.C. Production was handled by Diamond D, Buckwild, DJ Ogee, Ali Malek, Ant Greene Father Time, Da Beatminerz, Dante Ross, DJ Alamo, Minnesota, Pete Rock, Showbiz and Sadat X himself. For this to happen, creative and infrastructural development must occur on the "supply" side. and Tupac Shakur had always enjoyed popularity in the city, and Cash Money and Big Boy Records released many records that were either within this genre or that mixed it with ideas drawn from bounce. A similar release by DJ Jimi in 1992 helped establish a distinctive sound, and a vital scene coalesced around the new style of music soon christened "bounce." This exploration of the Dirty Decade responds to Tara McPherson's assertion that "specific understandings of how the South is represented, commodified, and packaged become key. List of compilation albums, with selected chart positions Title Album details Peak chart positions US R&B; The Album of the Year (with Suave House Records) . Dupri grew up in the College Park area of Atlanta. . It's just a spirit you have. The Dirty South was forged in conversation with older or alternate modes of imagining the South, spanning a continuum from Gone with the Wind-flavored Confederate apologetics at one end to the idea of the South as a unique African-American homeland on the other. Statements describing "The Braves ditching the Dirty South for the West," or New Orleans' Hornets "making everything Dirty South comfortable for the visiting [Sacramento] Kings" confirm Lee's conclusion.59Shane Harrison, "Sound Check: Sound Bites," Atlanta Journal-Constitution, sec. During the late 1990s, preferences of national rap audiences became more closely aligned with those of audiences in the major urban centers, black suburbs, and even small towns across the South. The multivalent and ambiguous sensibility that characterizes the concept in its use by creative artists and grassroots audiences in which tropes of energy and release are central became simplified and caricatured as the term went mainstream. He continued to promote crunk as a rap subgenre, which found enthusiastic reception by listeners and critics.72"Power Players: Indie Labels," Billboard 117:19 (2005): 30. tippy('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1518_1_72', { content: jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1518_1_72').html(), placement: 'bottom', theme: 'sosp', arrow: false, allowHTML: true }); Lil Jon's role in the establishment of crunk speaks to the ways in which strategically positioned individuals or groups can exploit their access within the music industry to exercise significant influence over wider sense-making practices on the part of audiences, critics, and music companies. Cash Money Records, a label headed by the Williams Brothers, with Mannie Fresh as in-house producer, established itself in the early 1990s as the top-selling local label with releases by Pimp Daddy, Kilo G, Ms. Tee, and UNLV. ", Hattie Collins, "Crunk in Charge," London, Soren Baker, "Interview with Lil Jon & The East Side Boyz Feature,", Kelefa Sanneh, "Critic's Notebook: 'Laffy Taffy:' So Light, So Sugary, So Downloadable,", Beth Reingold and Richard S. Wike, "Confederate Symbols, Southern Identity, and Racial Attitudes: The Case of the Georgia State Flag,", Ron Wynn, "Reclaiming Confederate Flag Angers Older Black Generation,", Mosi Reeves, "Luda Disturbing tha State,", Rodney Ho, "Rapper Has Big Plans to Lighten Up His Look,", Photograph of Atlantas Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz, Comparison of imagery from mid-2000s CD and book covers, The English southern rock cover band The Dirty South, Billboard, Memorial Drive and Midway Road. Miami Audio Samples (Warning: Some of these audio samples contain explicit content.). Sheer size or the presence of a large African American population alone did not guarantee that a city would become established as a center of rap production, but these factors clearly influenced the range of possibilities in the South generally. Minneapolis-St. Paul, Robert Christgau, "Consumer Guide: Inter-Century Freundschaft,". A 2000 prediction by Montgomery-based record label owner Mike Jackson demonstrates the stakes involved in a location in the rap imaginary, as well as the ubiquitous resort to the "map" metaphor: "Just like Nelly did it for St. Louis," claimed Jackson, "DIRTY will put Alabama on the map. Tony Draper is the founder of Suave Records (aka Suave House), which, based in Houston, TX, grew to become one of the premier Southern rap labels of the 1990s. Anchor Bay Entertainment, 2006. Press, 2004), 7-8. tippy('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1518_1_4', { content: jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1518_1_4').html(), placement: 'bottom', theme: 'sosp', arrow: false, allowHTML: true }); Others have underscored that music and the people involved in its production and consumption at various levels of scale do not take a passive or secondary role in this process. . Still, the rebel flag is hard to use without stirring controversy, which may explain some of its continuing appeal. Cool K's 1986 "I Need Money" is reputed to be the city's first recording, and formed part of the early scene along with club DJs like Soni D and Spanish Fly. . This process results in music "styles which are the result of an 'interlocking of local tendencies and cyclical transformations within the international music industries'. A brand that lays on concepts of freedom, solidarity, and love. In L.A., African Americans, some with roots in southern states like Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Arkansas engaged with Southern California Latino youth culture, with its mellow soul music and lowrider cars.12Lawrence B. These feelings of division between northern and southern blacks were informed by "raced, sexed, and gendered scripts of pathological black masculinity" that predated the rap era, and by the South's status as a "pariah region" in the national context generally.45Rich Richardson, Black Masculinity and the U.S. South: From Uncle Tom to Gangsta (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2007), 5, 9. tippy('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1518_1_45', { content: jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1518_1_45').html(), placement: 'bottom', theme: 'sosp', arrow: false, allowHTML: true }); The defensive framing of southern qualities suggests that artists in this period were unable to express 'southernness' without referencing, and ultimately reinscribing, to some extent, persistent negative stereotypes. They are putting together instincts, memory, reference, and vision, delivering a final result without a concrete recipe. . ", Ricardo Baca, "The Rap on the Third Coast,", Lewis, "Lil Jon and The East Side Boyz Islington Academy Mon.". tippy('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1518_1_76', { content: jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1518_1_76').html(), placement: 'bottom', theme: 'sosp', arrow: false, allowHTML: true }); For artists and audiences, crunk is about the generation and release of collective energy. The label plans on releasing upcoming albums from Jiggolo and Gillie Da Kid (Crosley, 2008). "Sunday Showcase," August 22, 2004. tippy('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1518_1_66', { content: jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1518_1_66').html(), placement: 'bottom', theme: 'sosp', arrow: false, allowHTML: true }); The crunk concept was born in the late 1980s and early 1990s in nightclubs in southern cities like Memphis and Atlanta, as DJs, producers and artists strove to produce the kind of music appropriate to a rowdy, collective, and embodied experience. Asked about the origin of their name, the group replied, "Dirty, is just a description of the South . . Do you want more fashion brands from Milan? In the years when rap's Dirty South emerged, blacks and their allies challenged various southern state and municipal governments to eliminate Confederate symbolism in official flags and other material forms, including monuments and the names of public streets and buildings. Regardless, The Geto Boys was nothing if not controversial as one critic observed, it "was so verbally abusive that Geffen severed all ties with Def American, which never worked with Rap-A-Lot again."24Ibid. As a 1994 issue of The Source dedicated to Miami touted as "hip-hop's hidden hotbed" on the cover indicated, Bass was enjoying a level of exposure and interest in the rap world that was unprecedented for a place outside of the East Coast / West Coast framework. Slightly older than The Neptunes, producer Tim "Timbaland" Mosely and rapper/producer Missy Elliot have done much to elevate Virginia Beach's profile, but the two artists left the area in the mid-1990s, as a collaboration with R&B singer Aaliyah propelled them into the pop spotlight. New York: Da Capo Press, 2007. Lil Jon and other crunk artists like the Ying Yang Twins have forged close ties with strip-club-culture and have not hesitated to make the eroticized, objectified female body (or parts thereof) central subjects of their expressions. Local independents like Cash Money, Parkway Pumpin', and Pack supplied the growing demand with releases by Juvenile, Lil Slim, Magnolia Slim, Pimp Daddy, Everlasting Hitman, Silky Slim, Cheeky Blakk, and dozens of others. Miami, Atlanta, New Orleans, and Memphis supported artists and labels making distinctive music for local crowds. . Writing to a Catholic Priest for Church Records. From clothing to footwear, perfumes, even carpets, and luxury hotels. "94Collins, "Crunk." Furthermore, they adapted to every specific customer demand, observing how the diverse labels appeal to each kind of customer. In this sense, the majors chose an overly cautious course that resulted in a diminished share of the potential profits. Nuckle Heads, a newly formed group of 2 female rappers on Suave House, debut on this album. Recording sessions took place at Sound One, at Integrated Studios, Sony Music Studios, G Unit Studios, Sound On Sound and Right Track Recording in New York, at 54 Sound in Detroit, at Encore Studios in Los Angeles and at Joi Studios in Atlanta. The club experience intensifies the expressive power of crunk. Implicitly, via geographically coded lyrics, the song questions the valuing of some places over others within the material and symbolic dimensions of rap. The setting of the strip club depends upon the objectification of women, and crunk has drawn criticism as a music defined by "rampant misogyny. However, in New York, California, and other places where rap scenes coalesced, women and girls played a central role as part of rap's audience. One or two key individuals can steer a city's rap scene in a particular direction, structurally and/or stylistically. Black Masculinity and the U.S. South: From Uncle Tom to Gangsta. Sample from Eightball & MJG, "Boom Boom," Suave House Records, 2001. Its starring people revealing their own style while wearing their creations everywhere around the world. Introduced in a 1995 song by the Atlanta-based group Goodie Mob, the idea of the "Dirty South" spread quickly throughout the rap music subculture and industry, and by the early years of the twenty-first century moved into more general usage in a variety of contexts not directly related to rap. Grateful is the tenth studio album by American hip hop producer DJ Khaled, released as double album on June 23, 2017 by We the Best Music Group and Epic Records. Milan has been the worlds fashion capital since the 16th century, as Italians love emphasizing their classy look, having choices for the best look and the thriving fashion industry is continuously rising. One of Houston's top rap acts moved to the city from Memphis in the early 1990s along with their record label. The first local rap record to receive radio play was the 1989 song "Ain't Nothing like the Bass" by W-Def. However, California-based artists and independent record label owners took advantage of the opportunity and in turn helped to develop what would become known as the "gangsta rap" subgenre. Although the contours and flavors of southern rap take shape through preferences and priorities at the grassroots level, they are also the product of processes characterized by manipulation and strategic intervention. The brands essence is the challenging process, the irreverent styles, and the provocative approach. While establishing a place-based identity can prove profitable for artists and labels, there are less desirable consequences, often in the form of expectations of an intrinsic and monolithic relationship between performer and place that excludes as many artists as it empowers. Banner's sharp new fronts [i.e. The rap scenes and styles in the other cities covered in this essay developed from years of collective grassroots activities, supported by local networks of clubs, radio, retailers, and small independent record labels. 1972), who started in Atlanta's bass music scene in the 1990s: "Crunk is a term," said Lil Jon, "that's been used in the South for as long as I can remember. For those who understand crunk as "a superficial music obsessed with perversity," the style's novelty is emphasized in descriptions of "rowdy choruses less like classic call-and-response hollers and more like howls of pain. Miu Miu line targets the youth, followed by the Prada sports, menswear, and lingerie collection. Mystikal, on the Big Boy label, became one of the earliest artists from the Crescent City to break nationally, possibly due to the fact that he eschewed the bounce sound almost entirely. 2 (2004). "63"Book Blog," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, sec. . Virginia due Clipse raps over a sparse, futuristic beat from The Neptunes. For Pusha T of the duo Clipse, "'I was raised here, but Virginia isn't what I know as Southern,' . His Ying Yang Twin partner, Kaine, suffers from cerebral palsy.117Benjamin Meadows-Ingram, "Okay Okay," XXL (September 2003): 150, 152. tippy('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1518_1_117', { content: jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1518_1_117').html(), placement: 'bottom', theme: 'sosp', arrow: false, allowHTML: true }); These physical factors may have contributed to artists' decision to pursue music rather than, say, team sports; as Roni Sarig speculates, "it's possible that the birth defect made [DJ Paul] more introverted. With an idiosyncratic style and athletic delivery, Mystikal became one of the earliest New Orleans-based rappers to move from regional to national markets. It debuted and peaked at number forty-nine on the U.S. Our third luxury brand from Milan is Versace. A world music sound from Timbaland helped this song reach the top of the national charts and Missy to become one of the most successful women rappers in history.