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Winston Churchill was one of the best-known, and some say one of the greatest, statesmen of the 20th century. Hon. [75][76] In the fields along the route, and at the stations through which the train passed, thousands stood in silence to pay their last respects. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Winston Churchill - 1951-55 Despite being credited with winning the Second World War, Winston Churchill lost the 1945 election, before returning to Downing Street for a second term in 1951. At the time, it was the largest state funeral in history. [41] The main pallbearers were eight soldiers of the Grenadier Guards. Why not try 6 issues of BBC History Magazine or BBC History Revealed for 9.99 delivered straight to your door, 9 things you (probably) didnt know about Winston Churchill, Why Churchills reputation is still on the line, join the European Economic Community (EEC), 6 surprising facts about Clementine Churchill, the horses traces broke at Victorias funeral. To these unusual deeds by Queen Elizabeth II, Nicholas Soames commented: "It is absolutely exceptional if not unique for the Queen to grant precedence to anyone. The great figure who embodied man's will to resist tyranny passed into history this morning. The coffin was then taken along the River Thames from Tower Pier to Waterloo Station, where the dock workers bowed their cranes in salute as the boat passed by. In 1899, he resigned his commission to concentrate on his literary and political career and in 1900 was elected to Parliament as a Conservative MP from Oldham. [63], After the church service, Churchill's coffin was carried by a bearer party from the Grenadier Guards to the Tower of London; the journey lasting 18 minutes, making it the longest distance that a coffin had been carried by bearers in any state funeral. In London, a million people reportedly gathered along the route to watch the procession pass by on the morning of the state funeral. In The Crown, we see Queen Elizabeth II (Olivia Colman) pay a visit to her ailing former Prime Minister (played by John Lithgow) in October 1964 and discuss the election chances of Labour leader Harold Wilson (Jason Watkins), fretting over whether she will be able to trust him. The Queen and her family paid their respects to him there, as did some 320,000 of her subjects (about the same number as had thus bidden farewell to George VI). His mother, born Jennie Jerome, was an American heiress whose father was a stock speculator and part-owner of The New York Times. WebYears later, when Churchill died in 1965, Queen Elizabeth broke protocol by arriving at his funeral before his family. It is hard to establish whether the Queen did visit him in his final months, as we see in the Netflix series; this may be dramatic licence. In an attempt to shake things up, Churchill proposed a military campaign that soon dissolved into disaster: the 1915 invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula in Turkey. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. It wasn't a funeral it was a triumph", "The Death and State Funeral of Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill Part II", "From the Monitor archives: Britain bids Winston Churchill farewell", "Winston Churchill's funeral - in pictures", "Funeral of Winston Churchill | WNYC | New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News", "Why do 800 schoolbags line the steps of St Paul's Cathedral? Over her reign, she met with 15 prime ministers. "[11], Voted as the greatest Briton in a BBC poll in 2002, Sir Winston Churchill is remembered for leading his country (with the Allies) to victory as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. Lynch further went on to say that the dockers hated Churchill. He died in 1965, one year after retiring from Parliament. A marching band consisted of three officers and 96 soldiers of the 2nd Battalion, Scots Guards. During World War, Winston Churchill brought the people of the United Kingdom together. [107][106][108] The networks also carried highlights of the funeral in the evening hours. From 1919 to 1921, he was secretary of state for war and in 1924 returned to the Conservative Party, where two years later he played a leading role in the defeat of the General Strike of 1926. In the show, she was flying over to see him after he punched a classmate in the face and his father blames his misbehavior for the tragic incident. The procession moved to Tower Pier, where the coffin was taken on board the MV Havengore. Guests included the French President Charles de Gaulle, the Canadian prime minister Lester B. Pearson, the prime minister of Rhodesia Ian Smith, former US president Dwight D. Eisenhower, many other past and present heads of state and government, and members of multiple royal families. Though he was born into a life of privilege, he dedicated himself to public service. [29] The gun carriage itself was drawn by ninety-eight sailors, with forty more behind holding drag ropes. You can unsubscribe at any time. Here, Churchill's face can be seen among them. [14] Churchill survived the next 12 years, during which necessary modifications were frequently made. The United States and the United Kingdom have long enjoyed what Winston Churchill dubbed a "special relationship" - yet no US president has ever attended a royal coronation. Here's what the ceremony looked like in real life. (News of Churchills daring escape through a bathroom window made him a minor celebrity back home in Britain.). Sir Winston Churchill died on 24 January 1965 70 years to the day after the death of his father. The iron in my heart. [27], Other world leaders who joined in the tributes included former British prime ministers Clement Attlee, Anthony Eden, Harold Macmillan, and Sir Alec Douglas-Home, French President Charles de Gaulle, Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin, former US presidents Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower, and Pope Paul VI.[21]. [57] Firstly, it was a common royal etiquette for the monarch to not attend funeral service outside of the royal family. John Lithgow as Winston Churchill on Netflix's "The Crown." The season three episode shows Queen Elizabeth (Olivia Colman) say an emotional goodbye to Winston Churchill (John Lithgow). "You were my guardian angel. The roof over my head," she tells him. "The spine in my back. The iron in my heart. Attended by representatives from 120 countries, 6,000 people, and (unusually) by Queen Elizabeth II more than 1,000 police and security personnel, involving nine military bands, 18 military battalions, 16 English Electric Lightning fighter jets of the Royal Air Force, a special boat MV Havengore, and a funeral train hauled by Winston Churchill, homage paid by 321,360 people, and witnessed by over 350 million people, it was the largest state funeral in history. Those attending the service heard speakers talk about the coincidence of the date in the records of two leaders who shared history. In the afternoon he was buried at St Martin's Church, Bladon, the resting place of his ancestors and his brother. [96][97][98] The White House press corps repeatedly questioned Press Secretary George Reedy for an explanation of the absence. | Sir Winston Churchill, the British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the Second World War, died on 24 January 1965, aged 90. By royal decree Winston Churchills body lay in state for three days in Westminster Hall he was the first commoner to do so since William Gladstone in 1898. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. Instead, in 1893 young Winston Churchill headed off to military school at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. It was then taken by train to Oxfordshire, where Churchill was laid to rest in a private ceremony in Bladon. West Point Superintendent Major General James Lampert laid a wreath from President Johnson to pay tribute to both FDR and Churchill. Winston Churchill served as the British prime minister twice from 1940 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1955. Arriving at Buckingham Palace in top hat and frock coat for his weekly audience with Elizabeth, Churchill glowed with romantic loyalty. De Gaulle therefore had some reason to declare (with relish) upon Churchills death: Now Britain is no longer a great power. Actually, Britains power had been waning for years. You were the compass that steered and directed me not just me, all of us. However, the organisers had to keep changing their plans; he kept outliving his would-be pallbearers. Biden breaks royal protocol during first ever visit with Queen", "Churchill's Funeral: We were part of history", "Churchill: The Nation's Farewell - No, dockers were not bribed to dip cranes at Churchill's funeral", "Books, Arts & Curiosities - Craning for Attention", "Roosevelt's Birth Marked at Hyde Park Graveside", "De Valera not invited to Churchill's funeral", "Even in death De Valera refused to forgive Churchill over partition", "From the past pages of dawn: 1965: Fifty years ago: Winston Churchill dead", "The Irish Nationalist And The Nazi: When Eamon De Valera Paid His Respects To Adolf Hitler", "People react to Churchill's death, 1965", "Commemorating the historic Winston Churchill funeral", "From the Observer archive, 31 January 1965: Winston Churchill's state funeral", Original BBC footage of Churchill's funeral, Churchill's Funeral - Order of Service - UK Parliament Living Heritage, "Churchill's Final Journey" by Railway Museum, 2002: Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (Operation Tay Bridge), 2021: The Duke of Edinburgh (Operation Forth Bridge), Never was so much owed by so many to so few, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&oldid=1152228489, January 1965 events in the United Kingdom, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 April 2023, at 23:40. He retired from the post in 1955. Bladon also gave him an opportunity. Upon hearing the death, he praised Churchill as "a great Englishman", while adding that he had also been "a dangerous adversary" for Ireland. The United States and the United Kingdom have long enjoyed what Winston Churchill dubbed a "special relationship" - yet no US president has ever attended a That is our policy. "The real problem about 'The Crown' is that it is lavishly produced, well written, made with good actors. [93] However, while in London, Rusk became ill and so did not attend,[36] resulting in Hand becoming a chief representative. [104] This would be the last state occasion Dimbleby would present because he died in December that year from cancer. Likewise, the British government ignored Churchills warnings and did all it could to stay out of Hitlers way. However, then, the only such programme in the United States was NBC Today, but it wasn't broadcast on Saturdays. When Churchill died, the Queen sent a message to Lady Churchill, which reads: "The whole world is the poorer by the loss of his many-sided genius while the survival of this country and the sister nations of the Commonwealth, in the face of the greatest danger that has ever threatened them, will be a perpetual memorial to his leadership, his vision, and his indomitable courage.". During the next five years, he enjoyed an illustrious military career, serving in India, Sudan, and South Africa, and distinguishing himself several times in battle. Here's what the ceremony looked like in real life. Then, the prime ministers incapacitation was kept hidden from the public while he made a very slow recovery. In episode eight of season two, the Queen and Prince Philip host President Kennedy and the First Lady at a Buckingham Palace dinner. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. He had stepped down as Prime Minister in 1955, and was now 90 years old and living in retirement at Chartwell House in Kent (and at his Hyde Park Gate house in London) with his wife Clementine and his beloved marmalade cat, Jock, who had a white bib and white paws and kept him company through his illness. They will be paid something to cover their expenses. In it, Paxman interviewed one of the surviving dockers John Lynch, who claimed that the workers were paid to show up for work and did the gesture only because they were paid to do so as it was a Saturday, their day off. Unknown to his guests, he collapsed and was left partially paralysed. For her to arrive before the coffin and before my grandfather was a beautiful and very touching gesture. The queue was most times more than one mile long, and the waiting time was about three hours;[29] 321,360 people came to pay their respects. The statesman had suffered a series of strokes over the years, and in January 1965 he had a very serious stroke this time a cerebral thrombosis, which left him gravely ill. "There's a whole episode of Prince Philip refusing to kneel at the coronation, and saying that no man should have to kneel before his wife," Vickers said. After the debacle at Gallipoli, Churchill left the Admiralty. General Paulus to Hitler: Let us surrender! ELIZABETH REGINA[28]. [42], There were twelve honorary pallbearers walking in front of the main pallbearers, including Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, the Prime Minister of Australia, Robert Menzies, and the former British Prime Ministers Clement Attlee, Anthony Eden and Harold Macmillan. In July 1945, 10 weeks after Germanys defeat, his Conservative government suffered a defeat against Clement Attlees Labour Party, and Churchill resigned as prime minister. Winston Churchill's funeral cortege makes its way down Whitehall in London. The distraught queen wrote to his widow, As the Havengore made its way down the Thames, dockside cranes dipped their jibs in homage to the saviour of the nation, bowing their long necks like metal plesiosauruses and, incidentally, facing extinction as London (still scarred by the war) ceased to be what it had been, the trading hub of the workshop of the world and the entrepot of the British empire. Winston Churchills Death And The Top-Secret Plans For His [26] This was also the first time that the American flag was flown at half-staff for a foreign leader. [15], The final documents, titled State Funeral of the Late Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, K.G., O.M., C.H., were issued on 26 January 1965, two days after Churchill's death. Free Tea! The season three episode shows Queen Elizabeth (Olivia Colman) say an emotional goodbye to Winston Churchill (John Lithgow). Some of the major storylines in Netflix's "The Crown" didn't happen to the royal family in real life, according to an expert. Dimbleby reported that the Queen watched the 90 minute highlights programme in the evening having been a [30] Churchill's body was embalmed in the same room where he had died. ", A full scale rehearsal of Sir Winston Churchill's funeral is carried out in Oxfordshire. [9][33][34], At 9:45a.m. on Saturday, 30 January, the funeral began with the chiming of Big Ben. You were the compass that steered and directed me not just me, all of us. Twenty-five million Britons and more than 350 million people around the world watched the ceremony. "The Queen Mother and Mountbatten had nothing to say to each other at any point in their lives, and there was no question about them conspiring about anything," Vickers said. When members of the House met to pay tribute,[28][29] the Prime Minister moved the motion that was a request from the Queen regarding the places for lying in state and funeral service, and was resolved as: That an humble Address be presented to Her Majesty humbly to thank Her Majesty for having given directions for the body of the Rt. [7] A single gunshot was fired every minute until they arrived at St Paul's. So she made an exception for him. Celia remembered: "We all sat down to a subdued breakfast and listened to the radio as the announcement of his death was broadcast to the world. His old friend and physician, Lord Moran, gave the news to the world after informing Queen Elizabeth and Prime Minister Harold Wilson. According to the joke which Lord Mountbatten liked to repeat: Winston kept living and the pallbearers kept dying.. [109][110], As Lady Churchill was retiring to bed she said to her daughter Mary (Lady Soames, Baroness Soames), "It wasn't a funeral, Mary it was a triumph. State funerals are usually reserved for the monarchy, and require assent from both Parliament and the Crown. Updated: June 7, 2019 | Original: October 27, 2009. Churchill's coffin is carried out of St. Paul's. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, the British leader who guided Great Britain and the Allies through the crisis of World War II, dies in London at the age of 90. Menzies and Eisenhower gave their tributes after the funeral, speaking from the cathedral's crypt. He hasn't watched the series, but he knows about it.". The chat ranged from political to personal, and over the years stories have emerged that tell tales of how the Queen's meeting with Mr. Churchill stretched from 30 minutes to two hours. Death and state funeral of Winston Churchill, Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, "On this day: 1965: Winston Churchill dies", "Churchill is Dead at 90; The World Mourns Him; State Funeral Saturday", "Remembering Winston Churchill: About this collection", "Remembering Britain's WWII hero Winston Churchill", "Churchill to Get a State Funeral; Will Be First Commoner So Honored Since Gladstone", "A state send-off even grander than for Churchill", "Winston Churchill's Funeral, 50 Years Ago", "Winston Churchill's funeral was 12 years in the planning", "Funeral of Sir Winston Churchill: 50 years since Britain buried its iconic wartime leader", "As it happened: The state funeral of Winston Churchill, January 30, 1965", "British royal and state funerals: music and ceremonial since Elizabeth I", "Sir Winston Churchill's family kept his strokes hidden, new drama reveals", "The death of Winston Churchill was the day the Empire died", "Top secret plans for Winston Churchill's funeral revealed after 50 years", "Statement by the President on the Death of Winston Churchill", "Death of Sir Winston Churchill (Hansard, 25 January 1965)", "My grandfather, Winston Churchill, was buried fifty years ago today. For example, in the United States, a memorial service for Churchill took place at FDR's grave at his home in Hyde Park, New York to mark the anniversary of Roosevelt's birth. Winston Churchill resigns as Britains prime minister - POLITICO This was an act of mourning for the imperial past. It reads "From the nation and the Commonwealth in grateful remembrance, Elizabeth R.". There are strong suggestions, too, that the Queen found Churchill stubborn, anachronistic, unwilling to listen and apt to mistake monologue for conversation. Sir Winston Churchill, K.G., to lie in State in Westminster Hall and for the funeral service to be held in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul and assuring Her Majesty of our cordial aid and concurrence in these measures for expressing the affection and admiration in which the memory of this great man is held by this House and all Her Majesty's faithful subjects. Representatives from 112 countries and many organisations attended,[52] including 5 kings, 2 queens, 1 emperor, 1 grand duke, 2 queen consorts, 15 presidents, 14 prime ministers and 10 former leaders. Years later, when Churchill died in 1965, Queen Elizabeth broke protocol by arriving at his funeral before his family. The day began with the chiming of Big Ben, and 90 cannon salutes at Hyde Park. [7][35] The coffin was carried from the hall by a bearer party of eight guards from the 2nd Battalion Grenadier Guards, placed on a gun carriage and draped with the Union Flag, on which was placed the insignia of the Order of the Garter on a black cushion. During the 1920s and 1930s, Churchill bounced from government job to government job, and in 1924 he rejoined the Conservatives. In grateful remembrance. [9] It was not part of the plan and was initially disapproved by New Scotland Yard as an unnecessary private tribute. [1][2][3] His was the first state funeral in the United Kingdom for a non-member of the Royal Family since Edward Carson's in 1935. British Heritage Travel is published by Irish Studio, Ireland's largest magazine publishing company. After nine months and 250,000 casualties, the Allies withdrew in disgrace. I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat, Churchill told the House of Commons in his first speech as prime minister. And after his death, huge crowds gathered to watch as his coffin processed through London to St. Paul's Cathedral, where dignitaries from 112 countries, including Queen Elizabeth, paid their respects to the war-time leader. The documents dictated the entire course of the funeral down to the minutest detail. However, Churchill agreed to the generals presence on condition that the train taking his body to its final resting-place did not leave from Paddington but from Waterloo a wicked posthumous putdown. The Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II was ground-breaking in its own Steve Roberts looks at the long-standing history between Queen Vict 2023 Irish Studio. "[60] There was a historical precedent however; Queen Elizabeth II's grandfather, George V, had attended the state funeral of Lord Roberts in 1914 and similarly forgone his royal privileges for the occasion. Since 1949, he had suffered eight strokes. [65] The cranes were under the Hay's Wharf (now Hay's Galleria) and the homage was praised as a gesture of respect[66] in an unrehearsed[67] and spontaneous action. [78], Churchill's funeral was the largest gathering of world leaders during the 1960sand, at that time, in history. [46] Sir Robert Menzies, then the longest-serving Commonwealth Prime Minister, and Eisenhower, both of whom had known Churchill well in wartime, paid tribute on the BBC's broadcast of the funeral. All Rights Reserved. It was the last state funeral until Queen Elizabeth II's on 19 September 2022. "[91][96], The BBC relayed the news of the death at 9:00a.m.[99][100][1] and continued playing Symphony No. But for many people in Great Britain and elsewhere, Winston Churchill is simply a hero. Enter a date in the format M/D (e.g., 1/1), 10 Things You May Not Know About Winston Churchill, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/winston-churchill-dies, Moscow's Domodedovo International Airport is bombed by terrorists, Larry Nassar, a former doctor for USA Gymnastics, is sentenced to prison for sexual assault, Walt Disney announces $7.4 billion purchase of Pixar. [5] During the funeral of Churchill, his body lay in state at Westminster Hall. Protocol states that the Queen is supposed to be the last person to arrive at any function, but in this instance, she wanted to be respectful to the Churchill family. It was a celebration of a great thing that we did in the past. [37], The coffin arrived at St Paul's at 10.45 a.m.[39] The pallbearers picked up the coffin from the gun carriage at the west end of the cathedral, and carried it up the 24 steps[40] leading to the entrance. Furthermore, Churchill plainly disliked the Queens husband, Prince Philip. In 1938, Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain even signed an agreement giving Germany a chunk of Czechoslovakia throwing a small state to the wolves, Churchill scolded in exchange for a promise of peace. Vickers rounded up the top five moments that he says were falsely portrayed by the show. ", The Queen immediately sent a letter of condolence to Clementine Churchill, saying: "The whole world is the poorer by the loss of his many-sided genius while the survival of this country and the sister nations of the Commonwealth, in the face of the greatest danger that has ever threatened them, will be a perpetual memorial to his leadership, his vision and indomitable courage.". But she was certainly very fond of him and determined to honour him for his contribution to the nation. When the process was completed, the remains were dressed in his silk pyjamas and dressing gown and placed back into his bed. [30], The funeral started on Tuesday 26 January 1965. Britons small and great village curate, Prime Minister and Queen paid him tribute through the day and this evening. Contrary to myth, Churchill himself was not much involved in the planning. Our Royal Insider Facebook group is the best place for up-to-date news and announcements about the British royal family, direct from Insider's royal reporters. "Prince Philip, I do know was very upset about that episode and the way his family was treated," he added. The Queen didn't visit Churchill when he was ill. John Lithgow as Winston Churchill on Netflix's "The Crown." WHEN THERE was darkness in the world, and hope was low in the hearts of men, a generous Providence gave us Winston Churchill. [12] Among the few who were informed of the news was Queen Elizabeth II, who had occupied the throne for just a year. It's like death has stripped Churchill of his pretenses. According to the Daily Mirror, theQueenreportedly wrote Sir Winston a heartbreaking, handwritten letter after he retired in 1955, saying how much she would miss him. I can say: It is to wage war, by sea, land and air, with all our might and with all the strength that God can give us; to wage war against a monstrous tyranny, never surpassed in the dark, lamentable catalogue of human crime. Sir Winston died just after 8 oclock, in the 10th day of public anxiety over his condition after a stroke. Edinburgh Scotland, 5-7 October 2023. Although the funeral took place in the early morning hours in North America, the audience in the United States was larger than JFK's fourteen months before. In June 1953, during his second term as prime minister, he had a severe stroke at a dinner party at Downing Street. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. With officials from more than 112 countries attending, 3,500 people attended the service, and it was the largest gathering of dignitaries in history until the 1980 funeral of Josip Broz Tito, the 2005 funeral of Pope John Paul II and the 2013 funeral of Nelson Mandela. [9] In 1998, Churchill's tombstone had to be replaced due to the large number of visitors over the years having eroded it and its surrounding area. In 1899, the London Morning Post sent him to cover the Boer War in South Africa, but he was captured by enemy soldiers almost as soon as he arrived. Season three of The Crown sees the Queen and the nation say goodbye to Winston Churchill, who makes one final appearance on screen before his death in 1965. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. Was the Queen's art adviser Anthony Blunt really a Soviet Spy? LONDON, Sunday, Jan. 24--Sir Winston Churchill is dead. Arriving at Tower Hill the procession was led by 60 pipers from the Scots Guards, the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers and the King's Own Scottish Borderers, playing Scottish laments, and then a Royal Marines band played Sunset on Tower Wharf. As the digital director for Town & Country, Caroline Hallemann covers culture, entertainment, and a range of other subjects, .css-1fgik18{color:#323232;display:block;font-family:NewParis,NewParis-fallback,Georgia,Times,serif;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0.3125rem;margin-top:0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-font-smoothing:auto;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-1fgik18:hover{color:link-hover;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-1fgik18{font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-1fgik18{font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1fgik18{font-size:1.3125rem;line-height:1.2;}}The Crown Will Return for a 6th Season, The History Behind the Royal Title Prince of Wales, King Charles & Princess Anne Through the Years, Inside the Duke and Duchess of Windsor's Home, The Crown Is Filming Will & Kate's Love Story, The Crown Has Cast Young Prince William & Kate, Inside Charles and Camilla's Country Home, Helena Bonham Carter Says The Crown Should End. A new stone was dedicated in 1998 in a ceremony attended by members of the Spencer-Churchill family. While there, he suddenly lost sensation in his right arm and right leg. Richard Dimbleby (in one of his last events before his own death later that year) provided the BBC commentary, and Churchill's final journey was watched by 350 million. In 1953, Queen Elizabeth made Winston Churchill a knight of the Order of the Garter. Here's another scene of the royals outside the church. [36][47][56], Queen Elizabeth II broke certain royal protocols at Churchill's funeral. All Rights Reserved. Four years later, he crossed the chamber and became a Liberal.

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