battle of monmouth muster rolls

[31] He served in Elnathan Haskell's company, William Shepard's regiment. He died of typhoid fever at North Mountain, Virginia, June 3, 1863. NJDARM: Collection Guide - The Catawba had taken part in an earlier raid against a British position with Sumter as well. [14] Records of Military Operations and Service: Officers and Enlisted Men. )U!$5X3/9 ($5j%V*'&*r" (,!!0b;C2( I8/ 1852. WebFeversham learnt of Monmouth's march eastwards on the afternoon of June 26 and ordered all the Royal forces and militia to muster at Bath. By November, Freeman transferred from his command post back to Haskell's company. Shortages of clothing did cause severe hardship for a number of men, but many soldiers had a full uniform, and the well-equipped units patrolled, foraged, and defended the camp. It is curious that of all the details to remember from six years of military service, his possible first captain is the only name that remained etched into Fortune Freeman's memory. Not only were they serving in units from the northern colonies, but 58 African Americans had mustered into the North Carolina Line. Whether Freeman misremembered his experiences or stated an additional battle to gain his pension, it is significant that he chose to state his presence at both battles. From March to May of the same year, he appeared on muster rolls dated at King's Ferry, a major crossing point on the Hudson. E Troop, 7th Cavalry Regiment, Muster Roll. You can browse these by regiment. For those covering the date of the Battle of Waterloo you can also search by an individuals name. From 1816 to 1856, the musters are principally of the Royal Corps of Sappers and Miners, and list only NCOs and other ranks. The two merged in 1856, as the Royal Engineers Recorded in the Monmouth Roll (the [19] Nixon's men comprised part of the main body of Gates' men during the September 19 Battle of Freeman's Farm and continued the campaign through the next month. This series of battles and Nixon's presence in New York starting in July further support the idea that Freeman served at Saratoga and not Brandywine and witnessed a pivotal turning point in the American Revolution. Fortune Freeman, Pension No. Was he freeborn? Originally from Massachusetts, Freeman moved to New York City at some point after the war. Lafayette later recalled, in regards to Washingtons service at Monmouth that, "I thought then as now I had never beheld so superb a man." Aaron Burr. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University. The law promised pensions to veterans "in reduced circumstances"[4] who had served at least nine months in the Continental Army. December 1775 to February 1776 - The battalion was mustered and organized at Burlington and Trenton to consist of eight companies from Gloucester, During the 1781 campaign against British General Lord Charles Cornwallis, there are five Black veteran pension records showing service under the Marquis de Lafayette in the Virginia Battalion commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Gaskin. Children's Muster drill during the 236th anniversary Battle of Monmouth re-enactment. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Military Officers Recorded in the Office of the Secretary of State, Where did he come from? Perhaps he was, and he simply misremembered the battle. Muster rolls and officer commissions are recorded in: 1. 1850. Ross is often credited with sewing the first American flag, thirteen red and white stripes with thirteen stars in a field of blue in the corner. When he returned to Massachusetts, he may have been able to finally claim freedom for himself. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Nevertheless, perhaps he encountered difficulties with work, and his bounty monies did not hold out as long as he had hoped. Contributed by Anjelica Oswald, Digital Public History Intern. The Black private joined thousands of other veterans in a post-war exodus from their home states. But if Freeman was not at Brandywine, was he still injured in the war? Theodore J. Crackel, "Longitudinal migration in America, 1780-1840: A study of Revolutionary War Pension Records," Historical Methods 14 (Summer 1981): 133-137. He stated that he continued to serve in the same regiment until his honorable discharge in 1783. (*(%8H8c- fd9@6_IjH9(3=DR1%? [26] Muster roll of Lieut. 68, Image 673, via FamilySearch.org. WebMuster Roll of Captain Richard Lloyd's Company, Colonel Hazen's Regiment, August, 1778. As the sound of combat grew fainter, the battle for individual rights began. Webex display range cookers; somerset county, pa magistrate reports; market segmentation disadvantages; saroj khan daughter death; two in the thoughts one in the prayers meme Army records and eyewitness accounts speak of a skilled and capable force in charge of its own destiny. The troops who came to camp included men from all thirteen of the original states. By summer, Washington could claim that the war effort was going well. Mechanicsburg, Penn. One of the casualties that day was Herkimer who was mortally wounded but kept command by being propped against a tree. uuid:3d7d0c57-d1b8-4aa6-b03e-56b0d8f90c70 [36] "Alexander Scammell," The Society of the Cincinnati in the State of New Hampshire, https://www.socnh.org/alexander-scammell/. Examining the possible connection between Fortune Conant and Fortune Freeman can help uncover potential motivations Freeman had for enlisting in the war. in American History and also has a B.A. Washington's Officers at Valley Forge. Paintings courtesy of Don Troiani,www.historicalimagebank.com. Webthe muster rolls in E 101; protections for war service and appointment of attorneys in the Treaty Rolls in C 76; the Gascon Rolls in C 61 (for intended military service in Gascony) the Scotch Rolls in C 71, (for intended military service in Scotland) 9. On June 28, at the Battle of Monmouth, N.J., Washingtons men demonstrated their improved battle prowess when they forced the British from the field. General Washington hurried his army forward to intercept the British withdrawal. They were prepared by the commanding officer of each [24], At the end of May and beginning of June, the British returned to King's Ferry. 50, ed. The Rhode Island Assembly decreed on February 14, 1778, to allow, every able-bodied negro, mulatto, or Indian man slave in this state to enlist into the two Battalions to serve the during the Continuance of the present War with Great-Britain Even more striking was the following clause, every slave, so enlisting, shallupon his passing muster before Col.Christopher Greene, be immediately discharged from the service of his master or mistress;and be absolutely FREE, as though he had never been encumbered with any Kind of Servitude or Slavery. Although this last clause was repealed within four months due tothe outcry of Rhode Island slave owners, more than 100 free and formerly enslaved Rhode Island African Americans had enlisted in the Continental cause to fight for their own independence. Journals of the House of Representatives of Massachusetts 1776-1777, Vol. During the battle of Monmouth on 28 June 1778, it was part of the Main Armys Right Wing, commanded by Major General Nathanael Greene, and in the 1st Maryland Brigade, commanded by Brigadier General William Smallwood. 2011-05-16T09:36:32-04:00 The experience of veteran soldiers such as Freeman would prove crucial in the fall of 1781. Remarkably, one of the soldiers (a New Jersey 53. EMC [22] If Freeman settled at camp with men who fought at Monmouth, he would have heard conversations about the battle. Despite the questions surrounding Freeman's life, it is certain that he dedicated years of his life in the fight for a new nation. Mifflins Division|2nd Pennsylvania Brigade| 5th Pennsylvania Regiment. Capt. [44] United States Revolutionary War Pension Payment Ledgers, 1818-1872, Vol. NARA M804, pages 4 and 9, via Fold3.com. 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm https://www.loc.gov/collections/george-washington-papers/articles-and-essays/timeline/the-american-revolution/. These included the companies of: Captain Daniel Smiths Company Robert Doacks Company of Militia Men in Michael Woods Muster District Men in Thomas Burks Muster District Garrisons at Elk Garden Fort Garrisons at the Glade Hollow Fort [32] Through August and September, Freeman is described as "on command," meaning he likely traveled on small missions or duties outside of camp. Again, though no "Fortune Freeman" is listed with Nixon's men, Fortune Conant is documented on record at White Plains on September 9, 1778, with Danforth's company in Nixon's regiment, a few months after the Battle of Monmouth. WebThere is a Fifer Walter Maddox listed in the muster rolls of the 7th Maryland Regiment, Continental line. See the Charles Rolls statue Founder of Rolls-Royce . The sound that would have reached your ears on approaching the camp was not that of a forlorn howling wind, but rather that of hammers, axes, saws, and shovels at work. The 3rd then wintered near Danbury, Connecticut. But when Cornwallis marched his army toward the Chesapeake Bay, Washington saw an opportunity to strike. With that tattered discharge note, we now can follow Fortune Freeman's paper trail, which begins in 1781 in Hingham, Massachusetts. 2 (1988): 13958. Freeman swore to his inability to work and need for government assistance to survive, declaring: I am infirm, and unable to labour, except in doing light work in which I can only obtain casual employment, and for which I can obtain scarcely more than mere nominal wages. 1, Image 114, via FamilySearch.org. [15] Freeman may have recalled Danforth easily as a familiar name to him in his younger days. ([5/16/2011 9:36:32 AM])Tj The battle on Bunker's Hill took place on June 17th, 1775 and was one of the crowning victories for the 38th and the whole of the British army. NARA M804, page 13, via Fold3.com. The 38th served under various colonels' names until designated the 38th Regiment of Foot in 1751. 8.25 0 0 8.25 18 744.75 Tm BT The defenders were a motley collection of colonists, from various New England colonies. [17] The committee in Billerica voted for an additional bounty of 24 to "such persons as will now Inlist into the Continental Army" but they needed to figure out how the money would be raised for the additional bounty. The new British commander, Lieutenant General Henry Clinton, received orders to Political, religious, and personal ties, however, led some tribes to support the patriots. Thomas Gibson, a free man of color from Guilford County, enlisted for two years service in 1781 and defended his home county that March. When he needed financial assistance, he turned to the new country he served for help. The encampment brought together men, women, and children of nearly all ages, from all walks of life, from different ethnic backgrounds, and from various religions. Hazen, History of Billerica, Massachusetts, with a Genealogical register, 239. If Freeman served earlier in the war as Fortune Conant, he would have already been familiar with the New York terrain, and in the intervening months between his possible first discharge and his reenlistment, not much had changed. WebMuster Roll of Capt. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. [13] The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Vol. A muster roll of 61 Creek Indians and 3 slaves who arrived July 1848 under the charge of Ward Coachman. If Freeman was Conant, was he promised freedom to join or was he merely hopeful that freedom could be a possibility? Landing in Boston in July 1774, the 38th found themselves involved in the first military engagement of the American war: Concord and Lexington, April 1775. When troubles threatened with the Colonies, the 38th was one of the first corps despatched from Ireland to America. [11] Fortune is, however, included in a genealogical history of the Conant family, but the only information included says that he lived in Billerica and served three years in the Continental Army. Webas a baggage guard at the Battle of Monmouth, N.J. (June 28, 1778). Web250 Capt. For Washington to split his army and keep half in New York and half on the march, he had to assemble units quickly that could march with speed. [12] Henry Allen Hazen, History of Billerica, Massachusetts, with a Genealogical register (Boston: A Williams & Co, 1887), 25. And then later, records show that a "Fortune Freeman" enlisted in 1781 into the 4th Massachusetts, serving until discharge in 1783. "Politics and Public Culture: The Revolutionary War Pension Act of 1818." in the service of the United States Commanded by William Shepard for the Month of The most common killers were influenza, typhus, typhoid, and dysentery. Militia, United States -- History Revolution, Retrieved 29 May 2006. 0.298 scn Washington wrote to fellow Continental general Philip Schuyler that The Oneidas and Tuscaroras have a particular claim to attention and kindness, for their perseverance and fidelity. These warriors arrived atValley Forge on May 15, 1778. Washington rapidly set troops in motion to bring on a general engagement with the enemy. [26], Following the muster roll trail leads Conant to Bedford, New York. While the soldiers who entered camp on December 19, 1777, were not well-supplied, they were not downtrodden. Inflation and depreciation meant that these bounty payments were not worth their face value by the time soldiers were paid. ). [13] Fortune Conant is listed as joining Elijah Danforth's company the same company Fortune Freeman remembered joining over 40 years later when he applied for his pension in New York City. Muster Roll of Captain Charles S. Ilsleys Troop E of the Seventh Regiment of Cavalry, Army of the United States, (Colonel James W. Forsyth,) from the 31st day of October, 1890 to the 31st day of December, 1890. WebMuster Rolls & other Records of Service of Maryland Troops in the American Revolution 1775-1783 ( (HTML)) (Reprint ed.). Disease, not cold or starvation, was the true scourge of the camp. It is possible that Fortune Conant, a young man who enlisted either enslaved or perhaps recently freed, later changed his name. It is highly unlikely that Freeman saw action both at the battles of Brandywine and Saratoga: The battles took place hundreds of miles apart and only a few weeks separated them. [20] After a series of October battles, Burgoyne found himself surrounded by Gates' men and surrendered on October 17. In his pension, Freeman stated his discharge in 1780, which lines up with Conant's discharge. To better understand and appreciate what happened at Valley Forge, it is helpful to know how the encampment fits into the context of the American Revolution (1775-1783). ET S 43,572, Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files. WebPension Rolls and Correspondence (1790-1846) RG 1800.066 Revolutionary War Records (3 boxes) Box 1 Revolutionary War Records, Accounts, 1776-1807 (23 folders) But the stories of these men are important to tell when we look back at our nations founding to see who served in the war that secured the independence of the United States. 0 -2.182 TD However, recalling a wound at Brandywine, specifically, complicates understanding the story of Fortune Freeman. V)gB0iW8#8w8_QQj@&A)/g>'K t;\ $FZUn(4T%)0C&Zi8bxEB;PAom?W= WebThe three major events were the Battle of the Brandywine on September 11, 1777; the Valley Forge Encampment from December 19, 1777 through June 19, 1778; and the Aged and infirm, he could no longer work and support himself. In addition to the bonds not maturing, the Continental currency continued to devalue over the course of the war. Battle of Monmouth. Phill Greenwalt is co-founder of Emerging Revolutionary War and is also a full-time contributor to Emerging Civil War. Each applicant had to disclose his age, occupation, health, and ability to support his household, and an inventory of his real and personal property."[39]. Hundreds of Indians enlisted in the Continental Army and many others, engaged as scouts in specialized units. [33] Muster Roll of Capt. The records were acquired from the Massachusetts State Archives in Boston. Politics and Public Culture: The Revolutionary War Pension Act of 1818. Journal of the Early Republic 8, no. Six men are recorded as married and seven as single. In 1779, while the war slowed to a stalemate, conditions for the Maryland soldiers deteriorated. S 43,572, Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files. [25] Following this attack, Nixon's regiment retreated to the "Highlands" in New Jersey on June 12, and Conant is still listed on pay rolls and clothing receipts through September. ", Born sometime between 1747 and 1760,[9] Fortune Freeman lived in Massachusetts until at least the start of the American Revolution. Wells was a surgeon in the Continental Army and after his service in the Revolution, he paid his enlistment bounty to his former master and lived the rest of his life as a free man in Lebanon, Connecticut. What about his parents or any siblings? Perhaps the most important outcome of the encampment was the armys maturation into a more professional force. 1459. The Edenton Whig, a local newspaper, described Overton as, a soldier ofthe Revolution, and, served under Washington and was at the battle of Yorktown, Overton was praised by the community and say that, "He has lived among us longer than the ordinary period allotted to human life, and always sustained a character for honesty, industry, and integrity. endstream endobj 5 0 obj <> endobj 6 0 obj <> endobj 3 0 obj <> endobj 7 0 obj <> endobj 11 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 12 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>> endobj 13 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>> endobj 14 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>> endobj 15 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>> endobj 36 0 obj <>stream His family home being the Rolls Mansion built just outside of Monmouth at [8] Might a man named Fortune Conant, possibly enslaved, who may have been freed during service, changed his name, stating for all of posterity his status of being a "free man" prior to reenlisting in 1781? (2007). Archive.org. In order to preserve their culture and prevent encroachment upon their rich western domain, most American Indians sided with the British. He was the only officer, orginally He is currently a Supervisory Park Our FREE Virtual Teacher Institute is the can't miss online educator event of the summer. 2 . The regiment would see action at the Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Monmouth and the Siege of Charleston. Ask someone to think of Valley Forgeand they will nearly always envision an anonymous group of soldiers struggling against winters fury and clothed in nothing but rags. The 1st Continental Artillery Regiment, raised in Virginia and commanded by Col. Charles Harrison, had marched from New York in April 1780 to the support of Gen. Benjamin Lincoln, whose force was under siege at Charleston, South Carolina. If he served as part of Nixon's regiment, it is much more likely that he fought in Saratoga. [9] Freeman is described as "seventy-one" in his 1818 pension but is "about sixty-five" in his 1820 record, but Hingham enlistment records describe him as 21 in 1781. [15] Town records 1685-1779 Billerica, Massachusetts Land Records, 1620-1986, Middlesex County, Image 598, via FamilySearch.org. Who were his parents? Benedict Arnold. Valley Forge was not the darkest hour of the Revolutionary War; it was a place where an already accomplished group of professionals stood their ground, honed their craft, and thwarted one of the major British offensives of the war. Part one of this story follows Conant's paper trail and examines how it aligns with Fortune Freeman's own testimony. Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files. Fortune Conant, a member of Thomas Nixon's Regiment, would have been at Saratoga, not Brandywine. The Valley Forge Park Alliance maintains the Muster Roll Project and helps to inspire appreciation of and support for Valley Forge National Historical Park. Might this be the same Fortune Freeman who later reenlisted, and eventually filed for a pension? The women present at Valley Forge included hundreds of enlisted mens wives who followed the army year round, and some officers wives on extended visits. /TT0 1 Tf Their roles in Washingtons army included pioneer duties, such as constructing fortifications and clearing roads to musicians, guides, spies, and rank-and-file infantrymen. We were unable to find any birth record for Fortune Conant. The integrated army in the Revolutionwasthe last integrated American army until the Korean Warnearly175 years later in 1950. [1] Fortune Freeman, Pension No. Henry Allen Hazen, "History of Billerica, Massachusetts, with a Genealogical register. There is, however, a "Fortune Conant" who enlisted in Elijah Danforth's company in 1777. 1776, August, Battle of Long Island, also known as the Battle of Brooklyn, successful, 1776, November, Battle of Fort Washington, commanded by Lord Percy, successful, 1776, September, Battle of Harlem Heights, capture of Fort Lee, flank companies of 38th participate, 1777 New Jersey Campaign, as part of the Brunswick, New Jersey garrison, 1777, September, Battle of Brandywine located west of Philadelphia, successful, 1777, October, after the capture of Philadelphia by the British, the Battle of Germantown, located north of Philadelphia, successful, 1778, June, Battle of Monmouth in New Jersey, under the new commander, General Clinton, who had been given orders to retreat from Philadelphia to New York, flank companies of 38th participate, 1778, July, defence of Newport, Rhode Island, 1778, August, under General Pigot, the Battle of Rhode Island, also known as, the Battle of Quaker Hill, in which the Americans tried unsuccessfully to recapture the Island from the British, now known as Aquidneck Island, 1778, After September, regiment returned to New York, 1779 Clinton moved the main British effort to the South, 1780, June, Battle of Springfield, New Jersey, the last major engagement in the north, British under von Knyphausen attack George Washington's army, unsuccessful, 1781, September, participated in the raid on New London, Connecticut, commanded by Benedict Arnold who had switched sides, this expedition was to be its last of the war.

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