bat creek stone translation

Welsh Discover America," unsigned online press release at These inscriptions generally fail to stand up under close scrutiny by paleographers (i.e., they contain numerous errors, represent a jumble of several Old World scripts, or consist of random marks on stone that have the appearance of letters), while the circumstances surrounding their "discovery" are invariably dubious. because they seemed to provide conclusive proof not only of the contemporaneity of man and mammoth in the New World, but also of the existence of a highly civilized "lost race" of moundbuilders. Thames & Hudson, London, 1968. Mooney, James [2], North America has a vast and significant history, a "rich history" that belongs to "sophisticated Native American civilizations" and pre-dates the introduction of European settler colonialism. Journal of Archaeological Science 5(1):1-16. Mertz (1964) herself had first proposed The authors particularly thank Frank Moore Cross, Hancock Professor of Hebrew and Other Oriental Languages at Harvard University, for providing us with his professional assessment of the signs on the Bat Creek stone. Bat Creek Mound #3, with the inscription Since the above was written, Wilson et al. The Bat Creek inscription (also called the Bat Creek stone or Bat Creek tablet) is an inscribed stone collected as part of a Native American burial mound excavation in Loudon County, Tennessee, in 1889 by the Smithsonian Bureau of Ethnology's Mound Survey, directed by entomologist Cyrus Thomas.The inscriptions were initially described as Cherokee, but in 2004, similarities to an inscription . [8], However, "Despite the preponderance of archaeological evidence that these mound complexes were the work of sophisticated Native American civilizations," this fact has been "obscured by the Myth of the Mound Builders". That Gordon's penchant for pre-Columbian contacts lies outside mainstream scholarly research is evident in the following: "No politically astute member of the establishment who prizes his professional reputation is likely to risk his good name for the sake of a truth that his peers (and therefore the public) may not be prepared to accept for fifty or a hundred years" (Gordon 1974:20). The mound had some large sassafras trees standing on it when undoubtedly working from a newly-available Gordon claimed that by inverting the orientation of the stone relative to the published illustrations (i.e., Thomas 1890, 1894), it was clear that the inscription contained Paleo-Hebrew characters that could be translated as "for the Jews" or some variant thereof. Two of these are Thomas's (1890, 1894) own publications, as cited earlier. maintain that American Antiquity 51(2):365-369. Click on link for PDF file. The same is true of the circular burial areas paved with rock and enclosed within stone slab walls which he found in McGhee Mound, in the Call away Mound No. [5] McCarter concluded, "It seems probable that we are dealing here not with a coincidental similarity but with a fraud". The Bat Creek stone is a relatively flat, thin piece of ferruginous siltstone, approximately 11.4 cm long and 5.1 cm wide. of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Discovered in 1889 during a Smithsonian-led excavation of Native American sites near Bat Creek in Loudon County, Tennessee, the artifact known today as the Bat Creek Stone is a "relatively flat, thin piece of ferruginous siltstone, approximately 11.4 cm long and 5.1 cm wide." 26 On the stone is an inscription of about eight characters written 1988 The Bat Creek Inscription: Cherokee or Hebrew? 1898 Introduction to the Study of North American Archaeology. Creek and Masonic inscriptions is in the different ways the two [14][1] Gordon concluded that Thomas had been viewing the inscription "upside down", and when re-read in its proper orientation, the inscription represented "ancient Hebrew". A.M. Kelley, New York. 88 (Sept. 2010). Importantly, no documentation regarding the production and use of comparable artifacts by first or second century A.D. Mediterranean peoples has been presented by McCulloch (1988), Mahan (1983), or other cult archaeology writers. Yet he does not mention the author of the publication he was criticizing, undoubtedly because he himself was the author. A134902-0 in the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. There has been a systematic denigrating on the part of the 'intellectuals' in the Smithsonian Museum of evidence of pre-Columbian migration from the Old World to the western hemisphere. 1983 The Secret: America in World History Before Columbus. disguise his or her source. Ezekiel 44:15 "The Translation" with Dr. Arnold Murray, Shepherd's Chapel, a Special Documentary, in which Dr. Arnold takes us to Louden Co, TN, the Bat Creek Stone location, providing the only ACCURATE translation of this Ancient Paleo-Hebrew writing over 2000 years old right here in the great USA! 32 no. of Hebrew University archaeologist Eilat Mazar. McKusick, Marshall. www.rense.com/general28/weks.htm, dated 8/28/02. 1941 Peachtree Mound and Village Site, Cherokee County, North Carolina. 927 views, 44 likes, 17 loves, 11 comments, 58 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from ZADOK WATCH Ministry: "The Translation" with Dr. Arnold Murray,. 30.Washington. 2, in the Bat Creek Mound, and on the Blankenship Place.". 1910 The Stone Age in North America (2 vols.). of the inscription. The Mainfort and Kwas does show that The match to Cherokee is no 1971 Before Columbus: Links Between the Old World and Ancient America. Bat Creek: Excavations in the Smithsonian Archives,", "The Bat Creek Inscription: Did Judean American Anthropologist 12:337-343. In the 1960s, Henriette Mertz and Corey Ayoob both 1922 Cherokee and Earlier Remains on Upper Tennessee. 1978 The Composition of the Copper Alloys Used by the Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Civilizations. Smithsonian Institution, Bureauof American Ethnology, Bulletin No. 12/29/05. 1987 Fantastic Archaeology: What Should We Do About It? Hebrew scholar and archaeologist 1969 Review of "Forgotten Scripts: The Story of Their Decipherment." would therefore provide an authentic invocation In: Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, edited by Frederick W. Hodge, pp. The January/February 2006 The latter was inextricably linked to the Moundbuilder debate (Silverberg 1968). Atlantic,, Chicago, 1964. It has been suggested that Emmert lacked sufficient education to forge the Bat Creek inscription (McCulloch: 1988: 114), but as with similar arguments made in defense of the Kennsington runestone (e.g., Gordon 1974:30), this assertion is not valid. The largest of these, Mound 1, was located on the east side of the creek. earth. The Bat Creek Stone was recovered during a professional archaeological dig by John W. Emmert of the Smithsonian Institution's Bureau of Ethnology in 1889, during its Mound Survey Project. In 1964, Chicago patent attorney Henriette Mertz and Hebrew linguistics expert Dr. Cyrus Gordon identified the writing as a form of ancient Paleo-Hebrew Judean. They discovered that the stone had been published by the Smithsonian upside down and that it was legible Hebrew, once the stone was rotated 180 degrees. but merely that this is a common component of Hebrew 1-33. Murray was the first to completly make sense (properly translate) of all inscriptions on this stone (with simplicity in its simple form). The two vertical strokes above Photo copyright Warren W. Dexter, 1986. A lengthy discussion of the object, including a radiocarbon determination, in a local professional journal (McCulloch 1988) has recently enhanced the status of the stone as representing the best evidence of pre-Columbian contacts. 30. Quotes and ideas attributed to Arnold Murray are the intellectual property of Arnold Murray, of course.Earth Vs. the Flying Saucers (1956) was produced by Clover Productions. orientation, and although several of the letters are not perfect as Paleo-Hebrew, In Thomas' defense, however, it is worth noting that some of the signs (ii, iii, and vii in the orientation illustrated by Thomas [1890, 1894], and i, 11, iii, and vii in the purported Paleo-Hebrew orientation) exhibit moderate to close resemblances with characters of the Cherokee syllabary. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. Since neither of the authors have training in ancient Near Eastern languages, we requested an assessment of the Bat Creek inscription from Frank Moore Cross, Hancock Professor of Hebrew and Other Oriental Languages at Harvard University. In the illustration orientation, this sign resembles the Cherokee "tlun:; inverted, it is somewhat similar to a reversed "si.". the stone was at the Smithsonian, sometime between 1894 and 1971. 1910 Cyrus Thomas Obituary. You decide. 3, Such findings may finally provide precedent to re-examine the Newark Holy Stones which also bear ancient Hebrew inscriptions and were recovered from a Hopewell burial mound near Newark Ohio. any competent student of antiquities. Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia, at These eight characters are, on average, 23mm in depth. authoritative source for the Coelbren alphabet, and give no Another of www.maryjones.us/jce/iolo.html. CrossRef; Google Scholar; Mickel, Allison and Byrd, Nylah 2022. Above the vault, an intrusive Historic burial containing 2 brass (probably silver plated) trade brooches, a metal button, and fragments of preserved buckskin were encountered. "the priests the Levites, the sons of ZADOK, that kept the charge of My sanctuary when the children of Israel went astray from Me" Ezekiel 44:15. photograph, instead appeared to be ancient Semitic. Many fraudulent antiquities appeared (Williams 1990), adding fuel to these already heated controversies; among the more well-known examples are the Davenport tablets and elephant pipes (McCussick 1970), the Kennsington runestone (Blegen 1968; Wahlgren 1958), the Calaveras skull (Dexter 1986), and the Holly Oak pendant (Griffin et al_. McCulloch (1988) also suggests that if Emmert "was not above fabricating evidence" (i.e., was responsible for forging the Bat Creek stone), it would cast doubt on his other reported discoveries, which figure prominently in the 12th Annual Report (Thomas 1894). The metallurgical evidence is, in itself, equivocal with respect to the age of the brass bracelets; their composition could place them within a period spanning nearly two millennia. and subsequent American archaeologists failed to see main line would then read RQ , LYHWD[M], i.e. it was exacavated. Masonic artist's impression of Biblical phrase (QDSh LYHWH) in paleo-Hebrew script (Macoy 1868: 134), compared with the inscribed stone. Investigators concluded that the mound was a "platform" mound typical of the Mississippian period. His findings indicate the stone is authentic, meaning that it is ancient and the Hebrew inscription on its surface is also authentic. 391-4. The University of Tennessee excavators didn't investigate Mound 2 or Mound 3, both of which no longer existed. ). N.D.C. BAT CREEK STONE Our mission is to defend, protect, and preserve free speech online for all people. The stones inscription was translated into English by several Hebrew language scholars. Day, Joan 1890 Historic and Prehistoric Relics. At the base of the mound "nine skeletons were found lying on the original surface of the ground, surrounded by dark colored earth." [8] The Adena and Hopewell peoples constructed significant earthworks and mounds, a "widespread practice throughout the American southeast, Midwest, and northern plains". Because of the style of writing, Dr. Cyrus Thomas declared the inscription to be a form of Paleo-Hebrew thought to be in use during the first or second century A.D. Hebrew scholar Robert Stieglitz confirmed Gordons translation. ", McCulloch, J. Huston, "The Bat Creek Stone Revisted: It is unfortunate that many of the important articles found in the best museums of our country are without a history that will justify their acceptance, without doubt, as genuine antiquities. Had the Bat Creek stone been regarded as an authentic artifact by contemporary researchers, there should be numerous references to the object. The director of the project, Cyrus Thomas, initially declared that the curious inscription on the stone were "beyond question letters of the Cherokee alphabet." (Thomas 1894: 391:4) The Bat Creek Stone found in a burial mound in Tennessee is dated to about 46 B.C. (sic) in the Mertz/Gordon orientation, Having presented certain evidence that suggests that not only contemporary archaeologists and anthropologists, but also Cyrus Thomas himself, did not consider the Bat Creek stone to be authentic, we feel compelled to address the question: "Who was the forger and what were his motives?" "MEGALITHS" With Dr Barry Fell & Dr Arnold Murray, Shepherd's Chapel "They Came A Viking" - E. Raymond Capt, Shepherd's Chapel, "North American Sun Kings" - Dr. Mahan & Dr. Arnold Murray, Shepherd's Chapel, "CHRISTMAS" Dr Arnold Murray, Shepherd's Chapel. missing on Bat Creek. [5], The Bat Creek Stone remains the property of the Smithsonian Institution, and is catalogued in the collections of the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, NMNH catalog number 8013771 and original US National Museum number A134902-0. 1984 Ghanaian and Coptic Brass Lamps. 19, pp. Robert Clarke, Cincinnati. The shorter first words of the Bat Creek and Masonic It is safe therefore to base important conclusions only on monuments in reference to which there is no doubt, and on articles whose history, as regards the finding, is fully known, except where the type is well established from genuine antiquities. Initially, the inscription was thought to be in the Cherokee alphabet, invented by Sequoyah around 1821. Archeologist Kenneth Feder has commended Thomas's efforts, which "initiated the most extensive and intensive study" "conducted on the Moundbuilder question". Their findings were subsequently published and an online version is available on their website. Exposed," American Antiquity 64 (Oct. 2004): 761-769. He noted that the broken letter on the far left is consistent : Ancient Settlers in the New World. That Thomas identified the metal as copper is hardly surprising, considering that substantial numbers of native copper artifacts had been recovered from mounds throughout the eastern United States. The string YHW-, or Yahu-, the first three letters Mahan, Joseph B. Jr. In the published literature, there is no indication that any Cherokee scholar has ever agreed with Cyrus Thomas's interpretation of the Bat Creek stone, nor have we encountered any references to the stone in the Cherokee linguistic or ethnographic literature (e.g., Mooney 1892, as well as examples noted below). "The Cherokee Solution to the Bat Creek Enigma". 46-53 ff. Serenwen (undated). The inscriptions were initially described as Cherokee, but aformentioned Dr. Gordon correctly identified them as Hebrew. approximate site, possibly making a complete loop Gordon, pp. Any errors of interpretation or omission are the sole responsibility of the authors. Peet 1890, 1892, 1895). Academic Press, Inc., New York. that this affinity should have been recognized already in 1889 by and Kwas article, enumerating these uses a word divider. If nothing else, the Masonic illustration newly discovered by According to him, the five letters to the left of the comma-shaped [6] Additionally, these markings are characterized by V shape carvings indicating they were created by a sharper tool than the initial eight characters. Ingstad, Helge We believe that Emmert's motive for producing (or causing to have made) the Bat Creek inscription was that he felt the best way to insure permanent employment with the Mound Survey was to find an outstanding artifact, and how better to impress Cyrus Thomas than to "find" an object that would prove Thomas' hypothesis that the Cherokee built most of the mounds in eastern Tennessee? Refugees Escape to Tennessee?" America in 1170 A.D. (see, e.g. the first letter must be something different, and The Bat Creek Stone Courtesy of Tennessee Anthropological Association Once the engraved stone was in Emmert's hands, local Republicans tried to get Emmert to sendthe stone to Knoxville to have it "translated." The actual chart which Blackman used to copy theletters had been published in a book in l882. http://www.econ.ohio-state.edu/jhm/arch/AmerAntiq.pdf. "Did Judean Refugees Escape to Tennessee? [1][3] Archaeologist Bradley T. Lepper concludes, "the historical detective work of Mainfort and Kwas has exposed one famous hoax". 47-178. also happens to be the second letter of the first word in the Masonic a plausible spot. inscriptions are also clearly different, the Bat Creek Dexter passed away Dec. 4, 2007, at 96. http://www.econ.ohio-state.edu/jhm/arch/AmerAntiq.pdf, "John Emmert, Demon Rum, and [1][3] Furthermore, the conclusions drawn by Mainfort and Kwas have been accepted by other archaeologists and members of academic communities. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. However, Thomas (1890, 1894) never offered a translation of the inscription. Cultivating trust, producing knowledge: The management of archaeological labour and the making of a discipline. Moreover, Cyrus Thomas, director of the Mound Survey, claimed that the marks on the stone represented characters of the Cherokee syllabary and used the Bat Creek stone to support his hypothesis that the Cherokee were responsible for many of the mounds and embankments in eastern North America (Thomas 1890). I own no rights to this excerpt.Murray's Original Bat Creek Video:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWT0x232euwShepherd's Chapel:http://www.shepherdschapel.com/Music:www.audionautix.comSound FX:www.freesfx.co.uk/Horse Image:www.copyright-free-photos.org.uk forms the dative case, indicating for, to, or belonging to Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Concluding Remarks Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society, Columbus. Whiteford (1952:218), in a reference to the Bat Creek stone, mentions an "enigmatic engraved stone," while sharply criticizing the eastern Tennessee research conducted under Thomas' direction and questioning the authenticity of some of the archaeological features reported by John Emmert. In a Hopewell burial mound in eastern Tennessee. ), Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, p. 610. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. Washington. [3] More specifically, Thomas focused on assessing the connection between the mound-builders and the Indigenous communities who lived in the area during European colonization. In early 1889, Emmert resumed his excavations under Thomas' direction; by February 15 he had "found" the Bat Creek stone (Emmert to Thomas, 15 February 1889). Gordon's claim resulted in a national newspaper wire story, as well as articles in Newsweek and Argosy. the inscription matches Hebrew much better than Cherokee. [1] Emmert claimed to have found the tablet in Tipton Mound 3 during an excavation of Hopewell mounds in Loudon County, Tennessee. After examining the stones inscribed grooves and outer weathering rind using standard and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and researching the historical documentation, the team of Scott Wolter and Richard Stehly of American Petrographic Services conclude that the inscription is consistent with many hundreds of years of weathering in a wet earth mound comprised of soil and hard red clayand that the stonecan be no younger than when the bodies of the deceased were buried inside the mound. This was an undisputed Hopewell burial mound, and therefore the Hebrew inscribed artifact falls within the time frames of the Book of Mormon in the heartland of America. During the last 20 years, the assertion that the Americas were visited numerous times by Old World seafarers has seen a major resurgence of interest, as witnessed by numerous best-selling books on the subject (e.g., Fell 1976; Gordon 1971, 1974) and the establishment of several "epigraphic societies" (i.e., amateur societies interested in the decipherment of alleged pre-Columbian inscriptions) devoted to proving these claims. Wilson et al. 133, pp. Fowke, Gerard A 3-foot black oak tree still stood on In Macoy's illustration, this is clearly meant to be a qoph, Kimberley, Howard, "Madoc 1170: Were the Welsh the Although Gordon's Paleo-Hebrew reading of Mounds and ancient works are described and figured which do not and never did exist; and articles are represented which are modern reproductions" (Thomas 1898:24-25). [1] This specific volume was "extensively reprinted during the latter half of the nineteenth century", and would have been available to the forger. However, Wilson et al. This conclusion is based on assessments by two Near Eastern language specialists, one of whom (Cyrus Gordon) considers some (but not all) of the signs to be Paleo-Hebrew. that the first letter is a (reversed) resh. The Cherokees in Pre-Columbian Times, N.D.C. reply by JHM BAR Nov./Dec. 14, No. The radiocarbon date and the publication of McCulloch's article in a local professional journal have significantly enhanced the Bat Creek stone's status as the "cornerstone" of the pre-Columbian contacts movement. Feb. 2005. Masonic Publishing Co., New York, 3rd ed., 1868, p. 134. Gordon, ed., standard Square Hebrew into the older alphabet, erroneously sign iv) or he_ (cf. The Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications, vol. Chadwick, John 1968 The Kensington Rune Stone: New Light on an Old Riddle. 30. coinscript letters to transcribe The Bat Creek inscription is an inscribed stone tablet found by John W. Emmert on February 14, 1889. Whiteford, Andrew H. online theory of the Bat Creek inscription. An extensive review of roughly contemporary and later professional literature contradicts this assertion. [1] The two bracelets found in the Mound were initially identified by both Emmert and Thomas as "copper", but a 1970 Smithsonian analysis concluded the bracelets were in fact heavily leaded yellow brass. 1972 The Bat Creek Inscription. vii: Our comments pertaining to sign vi apply in toto here as well. "The Translation" (Bat Creek Stone), Dr. Arnold Murray, Shepherd's Chapel, STONE OF DESTINY by E. Raymond Capt, Shepherd's Chapel Documentaries, "Great Conspiracy" by Pastor Arnold Murray, ShepherdsChapel.com, RED LINE by Pastor Dennis Murry, Shepherd's Chapel, Shepherd's Chapel: When Is The White Throne Judgement. If it could be shown to work even better as Coelbren, American Antiquity 46(2):244-271. University of Pennsylvania Press. Mounds 2 and 3, on the west side of Bat Creek, had been leveled prior to the University of Tennessee investigations, and no testing was conducted near these earthworks (Schroedl 1975:103). [11] Mound 1 of the Bat Creek Site was excavated in 1975. adequately classify and evaluate ancient material. When viewed with the straighter edge on the bottom, seven characters are in a single row, with the eighth located below the main inscription. shells and large shell beads" was associated with one interment (Thomas 1894). The inscription consists of at least eight distinct characters. [4] But these claims by Gordon and McCulloh have been silenced by archeologists who "have rejected the Bat Creek stone as a fake". 1-2. I have just received and read your Burial Mounds (i.e., "Burial Mounds in the Northern Sections of the United States" in B.A.E. Many of these are pertinent to the Bat Creek stone, but of particular importance is the degree of association between the dated material (in this case, the "polished wood" fragments) and the cultural event to be dated (in this case, the burial of an individual with which the inscribed stone was purportedly associated), as well as the age association between the dated material and the associated remains. Shepherd's Chapel with Pastor Arnold Murray. 137.Washington. The artifacts, including bronze or brass bracelets that Dr. Wolter . by P. Kyle McCarter, BAR July/August 1993, pp. the Bat Creek inscription works much better than 1984 Review of "Forgotten Scripts: Their Ongoing Discovery and Decipherment." Crown Publishers, Inc., New York. 207-225. Lacking the critical standard of most scholars, rogue professors "have the opportunity to rogue or defraud the public" (Williams 1988a:20). for $6.00 from the The apparent age of the inscription suggested to Thomas that the Cherokee possessed a written language prior to the invention of the Cherokee syllabary invented by Sequoyah around 1820. have published a book 5-18. serving as a word divider, rather than by a or any other alphabet, the Hebrew reading would have to 3 (part http://bookofmormonevidence.org/history-of-the-bat-creek-stone/, the other eminent men of wilford woodruff. somehow, tonight, i took a web surfing journey (trying to find some collaboration that arnold murray actually translated bat creek stone, and if so, if it was considered legitimate) and wound up on your site (Spirit leading? The Bat Creek Stone Inscription#1293cMartin G. CollinsGiven 31-Oct-15; 12 minutes. Robert Stieglitz (1976) confirmed Gordon's reading of the from the mound 40 years before the excavation and that it Today, this mound is submerged by a reservoir. Antiquity 58(233):126-128. Washington. Per Timothy E. Baumann, Curator of Archaeology, McClung Museum. 1988a Fantastic Archaeology: Fakes and Rogue Professors. Bat Creek: Excavations in the Smithsonian Archives," July 1987. "The Bat Creek Stone: Judeans in Tennessee?". is the modern invention of Edward Williams 1975 Unexpected Faces in Ancient America, 1500 B.C. You decide.All images of Arnold Murray are from \"The Translation\" which is the property of Shepherd's Chapel in Gravette, Arkansas (I think). fact there is already a D on Bat Creek, at the end of the second word, ShLMYHW or Shelemiyahu. and 1989 reprint edition; illustration not in 1867 edition). (e.g. Gordon, Cyrus, "The Bat Creek Inscription," in C.H. Carried by Barnes and Noble bookstores. 1-19, The Bat Creek stone is a small stone tablet engraved with several apparently alphabetic characters, found during excavations of a small mound in 1889 near Knoxville, Tenn. The Tellico Plains Mountain Press, undated. McCarter, P. Kyle, Jr. "Let's be Serious About the Bat Creek Stone". 5-18. The Indian Tribes of North America. make a few comments about Cyrus Thomas' (1890:35) claim that "some of the characters, if not all, are letters of the Cherokee alphabet" and later (1894:393) that "the engraved characters are beyond question letters of the Cherokee alphabet" In the only published analysis of the Bat Creek inscription as Cherokee, McCulloch (1988) makes a reasonable case for his contention that several signs are impossible for Cherokee and that the inscription is not translateable as Cherokee. The brass used to form the bracelets from Bat Creek contains 66.5 - 68.2 percent copper and 26.5 - 27.5 percent zinc. Second, the brass bracelets reportedly found in association with the inscribed stone are in all probability relatively modern European trade items; the composition of the brass is equivocal with respect to the age of the bracelets.

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